Hyperlipdemia an new treatments with statin medications Essay

Hyperlipdemia an new treatments with statin medications - Essay ExampleThe treatments at West of Scotland Coronary Prevention theme (WOSCOPS 1995) included 6596 men. The studies proved hugely successful the all-cause mortality was reduced by 22% (Reamy, 1995).Such results from WOSCOPS and separate accompanying studies lead to the commonplace practice of using statin therapy for acute ischemia (Reamy, 1995). It has been proven that unreal statins such as rosuvastatin and atorvastatin decrease LDL levels. A study showed results of using intensive statin treatment on atherosclerotic plaque burden the LDL cholesterol level dropped from 130mg/dl to lay treatment level of 60.8mg/dl with 40mg/day rosuvastatin (Reamy, 1995, p. 8).Other studies have also confirmed that statins are peculiarly useful for hypercholesterolemia in older diligents. The curing action of statin was regard slight of the previous levels of blood serum lipids, gender or age (Aronow, 2006). National Cholesterol E ducation Program (NCEP) III guidelines suggest that in high-risk patients low density lipoprotein (LDL) level of less than70mg/dl is a rational treatment scheme (Aronow, 2006). This strategy has nothing to do with the age of the patient.In case of a high risk patient with hypertriglyceridemia (low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol), a combination of nicotinic acid or fibrate with any drug that has the belongings of lowering LDL cholesterol can be effective (Aronow, 2006).Moderately high-risk patients can be effectively treated with serum LDL cholesterol but the amount should be decreased to less than 100 mg/dl and this level of LDL cholesterol needs to be dropped further (30% to 40%) in case the patient is under LDL cholesterol drug therapy (Aronow, 2006). Despite remarkable research lab results in treating hyperlipidemia there have been complications recorded with statin treatment.A study conducted in coupled Kingdom showed that hyperlipidemia patients treated with sta tin showed the likelihood of suffering

How Symbolism art influenced on Debussy's music Essay

How Symbolism art influenced on Debussys music - see ExampleHaving had a number of romantic affairs which caused turbulence in his life reflected upon his creations and further dissatisfactions with professional style led Debussy to adapt symbolism or that which pertains to transitional period between late-Romantic and modernist music of the twentieth century. Apparently, symbolism is not only confined to the definition of musical style, rather a movement which brought abundant inspiration for Debussy to modify his compositions according to a symbolist principle. In effect, symbolism became a culture that emerged for him to draw profound involvement with and his choices of libretti texts and themes had been derived almost exclusively from the symbolist canon. Among the distinguished artists of the period who bore ample esthetical impact on Debussys masterpieces were Edgar Allan Poe, Stephane Mallarme, and James McNeill Whistler. Through them, Debussy managed to effectively utiliz ed dissonant harmonies to evoke particular(prenominal) moods and images such as in the manner he composed the world-renowned Prelude a lapres-midi dun faune which was chiefly exalt by Mallarmes poem Afternoon of a Faun.

International Accounting in Colombia (South America) Research Paper

International Accounting in Colombia (South America) - Research Paper guinea pigThe desire to keep abreast with the breeding needs that globalization brought about, motivated Colombia to adopt these standards. In the tout ensemble of South America, Colombia has the most advanced accounting system, having incorporated the accrual basis of accounting in its humankind Sector Accounting Standards. Accounting profession entails the process of communicating financial information of an organization, a corporation, or a business entity to the stakeholders and other interested parties. This communication serves to ensure that those stakeholders who do not see some(prenominal) accounting or financial knowledge gets to understand the financial position of the entity and can thus enrol in decision making regarding the entities financial issues(Neal,125). The role of accounting profession in that respectfore is to look into all transactions of the entity and ensure they are accurate, and then report this information to the entitys stakeholders, who can use this information for their decision-making purposes. In Colombia, a law enacted in July 2009 guides accounting regulations. This law requires that the national accounting standards of that country suss out with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). ... A goodish example is the fact that Columbia has shortened the requirements of the IFRS into truly brief provisions and directions, although they appear explained in many pages. This shortening of the IFRS requirements comes with elimination of some of its sections. A good example of this, is the elimination of the Disclosure requirements of the IFRS in the Columbian accounting standards and readings (Elliot,7). Most notable is the fact that there are no legally binding financial statement audit standards requirements in Colombia (Pixley,4). Any auditing practice and procedures in Colombia occurs according to the Colombian GAAP and not in accor dance with the requirements of the IFRS. The general requirements of IFRS auditing requirement practices and procedures have been reduced to a one-page guideline. The requirements of the IFRS general auditing standards such as undertaking of audit of books of accounts of an entity by an independent attendee has been eliminated in the Columbian audit guidelines (Willies). The laws of Columbia does not provide for any development and issuance of auditing standards. Thus, Columbian organizations, business entities, and corporations determine the nature of auditing practice and procedures to appear in their books of accounts. The law does not bind these practices and procedures. The release between accounting in Columbia and in the USA is in the fact that, while in the USA all accounting practices follows the provisions and requirements of the IFRS, in Columbia, there are issued decrees that requires the local anesthetic entities to apply the IFRS whole voluntarily (Pixley,4). Thus, observation of the IFRS standards of accounting is not a requirement in Columbia. Better still, even when the local entities in

Gender differences in entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender differences in entrepreneurship - Essay eventMen expect wo workforce to put family handling as their top priority and preference. However, gradually women are combating this prevalence of bigotry in the society created by their counterparts.Many studies show that level of women entrepreneurship is less than mens in many countries, however, there is a high rate of women entrepreneurship where women have no alternatives to earn for a living. Many researches and studies conducted portray that women enter into entrepreneurship as a necessity and non responding to opportunities.Entrepreneurship is a mean to cease the skills and potential which women possess, and also it can bring forward to the worlds attention that women do not harbor less potential or competition, instead they may create healthy competition for the men too and result in economic prosperity. Entrepreneurship was once a kingdom ruled by men, save it seems that women are pacing into this kingdom too.Ayala Malac h Pines, Miri Lerner, Dafna Schwartz, (2010) Gender differences in entrepreneurship Equality, diversity and inclusion in times of world(a) crisis, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal, Vol. 29 Iss 2, pp.186 -

Housing Sector in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

lodgement Sector in UK - Essay ExampleThe housing location being discussed in this paper is situated at Grovewood Hill along the Burnbrae Drive at Edinburgh. The view of the typical houses being discussed here is shown in the figure 1. Theses houses are mostly constructed of burned clay bricks, cement and mortar. This practice of housing was found to make it from atleast 100 years in this region and the sector in addition boasts of providing colossal mash employment in the country. This is a scenario of affluent people who could afford independent dwelling units in the places or locations of their choice. But the huge number of migrant labours and working class who makes their living by working in the city find out their shelter along the slums that sacrifice come up in the city outskirts.This volume of occupants tends to increase at an astonishing rate as the more of the development takes place. The housing sector too shows a skew growth in the urban centres with the slum dw ellers increasing in the city suburbs and the planned housing developments go to the outskirts. ... The location of the study at Groovewood Hill was elect based on the easy access and also being the location well known to the student. The primary data collection was based on the interrogate technique with the help of a prepared questionnaire. Also, the information already available with the student researcher have also been used in the interpretation of the data. Also, the discussions with the housing association members and the estate manager was carried out to look the various operation constrains and main characteristics of the housing locality. The secondary information was collected from already published materials and some other reports. Based of the data collected the analysis is carried out and required information is presented in the subsequent sections.4.Findings and watchword4.1Nature and type of constructionFigure 2 Perspective of the houseThe sample house chosen f rom the locality was constructed with strong reliance on the architectural masonry almost 5 years back. It was the time when sharp development initiatives have begun and the building industry was experiencing boom. This was also the time when new methods and materials were also tried. But the labour force as well as contractors were less reluctant to change and hence the advantage it promised in the initial stages was not attained. The construction process progressed more based on the skill set of the masons sort of than the advances proposed by the technocrats .Most of the houses being discussed here are two storied residential unit built in country burned bricks, cement and concrete. The roof is made in reinforced cement concrete. The interiors have been knowing incorporating the techniques of passive heating /cooling technologies. Thus optimizing

Effective and non-effective medications used to treat OxyContin Research Paper

Effective and non-effective medications used to treat OxyContin addiction - Research written report ExampleEffective and Non-effective Medications Used to Treat OxyContin and Opioid Addiction OxyContin is an extended release form of oxycodone, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995 for the treatment of chronic pain. The FDA approval of this drug has played a role in overdose and death, as well as addiction, in the recent past (Okie, 2010). The molecular structure of OxyContin is similar to that of morphine, and is a member of the Phenanthrene family of compounds. OxyContin, or oxycodone, is a schedule II drug concord to the Drug Enforcement Agency, and is used to treat moderate to severe pain and is DEA listed as a highly addictive medication. The drug itself, and not the metabolites, is the main cause of analgesia (Trescot et Al., 2008). Oxycodone and morphine were compared for similar psychotropic effects and dosage in healthy humans. It was found that the dosage ratio of oxycodone and morphine was approximately 31, as had been established in previous studies, but that the subjects experienced more pronounced psychotropic effects with oxycodone. The relief of pain, however, was similar with two drugs. Psychomotor impairment was similar with both drugs as well (Zacny and Lichtor, 2007). Intravenous administration of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine was canvas in healthy individuals to determine effects and potency. It was discovered that all three drugs had similar effects bring on dysphoria. However, potency was determined to be greatest in oxycodone, then morphine, then hydrocodone (Stoops et Al., 2010). The effects of oxycodone were compared to those of lorazepam and morphine in healthy individuals. Psychotropic effects were more pronounced in oxycodone treated patients compared to those treated with lorazepam. hot effects as determined by the patients were greater in oxycodone treated patients compared to those of loraz epam (Zachney and Gutierrez, 2002). Opioid separation stifling was examined in healthy individuals with tramadol. After a regimen of oxycodone higher doses of tramadol suppressed withdrawal effects, as studies indicated. Feelings of nausea and nausea were ab initio associated with these effects, followed by suppression of oxycodone withdrawal effects. It was suggested that tramadol may be an effective drug for treating oxycodone withdrawal effects in humans (Lofwall et Al. 2007). Tramadol has low rates of diversion and abuse and mixed pharmacologic actions, including pocket-sized opioid agonist activity, and is an unscheduled atypical analgesic. To characterize the opioid withdrawal suppression efficacy of oral tramadol was the purpose of the study. Opioid dependent, residential adults were maintained on morphine for approximately six weeks. Substituting placebo for scheduled morphine doses 17.5 hours before observational sessions that occurred twice weekly was the method for p roducing spontaneous opioid withdrawal. Under double-blind, double- dummy, randomized conditions, the acute effects of placebo, tramadol, naloxone, and morphine were tested. Outcomes include physiologic indices, psychomotor/cognitive task performance, and observer- and subject-rated measures. Prototypic opioid antagonist and agonist effects were produced by naloxone and morphine, respectively. Effects most similar to placebo were produced by Tramadol 50 and 100 mg. Tramadol 200 and 400 mg initially produced significant dose-related increases in ratings of

Application of constructivism theory in French Mali intervention Essay

Application of constructivism theory in cut Mali intervention - Essay ExampleMali faced whatever civil conflict since January 2012. Northern vicinity of the country, Azawad, majorly occupied by the Moslem believers consecrate been fighting for independence from the Malian government. The rebellious troops, dubbed The National Movement for the freeing of the Azawad (MNLA) fought the government to liberate Azawad and make it for Tuereg people, and three months later, the troop had taken over the region. The conflict sparked the coup of chairperson Amadou Toure, and another troop dubbed CNRDR took over the nation before suspending the national constitution. Mali became unstable and the rebels took charge of major Malian cities. MNLA was supported by several Islamic militias, and after the MNLA conquer Islamic laws were introduced in the Northern region of Mali. Later the Islamic and MLNA developed some conflicts. The government sought help from foreign nations to resolve the h azard and instability in the country, and by January 2013, French array launched some operations against the Islamic militias. The operation was successful, since the Malian military took over from the Islamic militia a month later. History indicate that The French military took active role in the fight against the Islamic troops but trained the Malian military on advanced and effective contend and defensive attitude tactics, until they took over. The French Military apply the constructivism theory, also called encyclopedism theory to train the Malian military. This work is about the practise of the constructivism theory in training the Malian troops by the French facilitators and boosting Malian national security. Malis national security was compromised when some Islamic rebellious troops launched several attacks in the Northern Mali in 2012 (Cole-Turner, 2001). The French being the former compound master of Mali were the first to rescue the situation since the country would have turned into a hostile war zone. The first mission was to train the Malian national defensive team on the application of current military technologies to fight the religious militia. Constructivism Theory The theory implies that humans apply newly learned intimacy together with prior experience to undertake any duty or make effective decisions. It comes from the script constructs which means a special kind of filters in the human body system which carry definite knowledge and tend to change human reality from a certain state of confusion to some kind of order. The constructivism theory has some ties with cognitive as well as biological human systems. The theory is applied in several fields of learning. For instance, it helps pass or grasp some knowledge in experiments, discovery learning, as well as project and task based trainings. This work is about the application of the constructivism theory in training the Malian troops by the French facilitators and boosting Malian nat ional security. Malis national security was compromised when some Islamic rebellious troops launched several attacks in the Northern Mali in 2012 (Cole-Turner, 2001). The French being the former colonial master of Mali were the first to rescue the situation since the country would have turned into a hostile war zone. The first mission was to train the Malian national defensive team on the application of modern military technologies to fight the religious militia. The Constructivism theory was first applied in the early 20th century with some neuroscientists who believed that the main role of fostering is to increase societal knowledge. Experimental learning was encouraged since it tends to provide a practical platform to enable the learner tally such knowledge to those learnt in theoretical class (Schein, 2011). The theory was to boost three basic elements of education namely thinking, reflection, as well explorations. The neurosurgeons lament that the theory was developed in cert ain sequences until it could be prove and applied in the society (Witte, 2007). Some

Substance of a transaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Substance of a deed - Essay ExampleAccording to any international standard,financial statements should present fairly the financial position and interchange flows of an entity.The content of a transaction means the reality of an actual event that has interpreted place which necessitate to be accounted for. If in buildation is to represent faithfully the transactions and other events that it purports to represent, it is necessary that they argon accounted for and presented in ossification with their way and economic reality and not unmixedly their licit form.It is, therefore, of absolute importance that the actual center field of the transaction is accounted for in order to meet international regulatory requirements for financial reporting as sanitary as achieve fair presentation standards and a higher level of transparency in the books of accounts to quash any audit objections.The generally accepted accounting principles, more commonly known as GAAP, surrender evolved as an important term in accounting and signifies all the rules, from whatever source, which g everywheren accounting. These principles may take off from sources like local ships company legislation, national and international accounting standards, statutory requirements and stock listing requirements barely they are based on the foundations of common principles, namely the going concern assumption, accrual basis of accounting, corporeality and substance everywhere form. The GAAP which lays down the concept of substance of transactions is called substance over form. The underlying principle is that although substance of a transaction may be the same as its legal form, for a number of transactions, the legal form does not indicate the true substance of a transaction and must make economic sense in the financial statements take a hoping the reality of an actual event that has taken place. Such may be the case in various sales purchase agreements, leasing, insurance and so on As an example, some transactions may see the form of an outright purchase of capital equipment, whereas in fact the substance of the transactions is a lease of (or perhaps an option to purchase) the equipment. Such transaction likewise attract audit attention and are important from taxation point of view. Thus we always make out the real substance of a transaction instead of its legal form. In this manner, the concept of substance over form plays a dominant role. Accordingly, it delivers the fact whether the financial statements reflect the financial reality of the entity rather than mere legal form of the transactions and events which bring them about. The underlying principle is relevant to managements contentions that the financial statement items are complete, valid and accurate, and in particular that the financial statement items are exact as to presentation and disclosure. The FASB considered that substance over form was redundant because without it have representational faithf ulness cannot be achieved.From auditors point of view, transactions where the substance of the transaction differs significantly from the form are considered vigilantly. In simpler words, auditors try to find a transaction or groups of transactions that do not make economic sense or emerge as they have been made to change the way in which an account dimension appears in the financial statements, rather than reflect the reality of an actual event that has taken place. These transactions are commonly recorded around balance date and often appear overly complex. A well-known example from the past was Enron groups use of over 3000 Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) structured in such a way as to enable the company to avoid including extensive debt in the consolidated financial statements of the group. This has led to suggested/actual revisions to various accounting standards throughout the world. These revisions require SPEs (such as trusts, partnerships and non incorporated entities) to be consolidated when the substance of the relationship between an entity and the SPE indicates

Purchasing and Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

buy and Resource Management - Case Study Example trawl line of having followed normal buy procedures, selecting the appropriate provider and even in approving the price for this high -intensity x-ray processor. in that respect is no way that Dr. Spiller would have followed the right purchasing procedures without involving roseate Silver who is the manager in -charge of purchasing and from whom the final decisions regarding infirmary purchases are expected to come from. Rose is a sea captain purchaser who ought to be consulted on matters connect to purchasing in the whole business organisation. Failure to consult her might lead to a professional blunder and unnecessary misunderstanding amongst the management staff in the organisation a thing that would dimmed down productivity and overall development of a firm.The exercise of selecting suppliers is a long on and it involves affair for interested suppliers to apply for t conclusi peerlessrs with the management. It is from these applicants that the most competitive and appropriate supplier is found. The head of radiology department make his purchases decisions in such a hurry that there was no time to compare and choose from a number of suppliers.He seems to have settled on only single supplier who is New hop on radiology Inc. a move that can even compromise with the quality of the equipment supplied. In using method acting of selecting the right supplier Dr Spiller was supposed to involve the purchasing manager who would have made study contribution in the selection of the most suitable supplier.1As a trained marketing manager Rose has all the knowledge in selecting a better supplier from a given group of applicants. through contacting a number of suppliers the purchasing manager exit be able to come up with the beat out price for the good quality equipments. Most likely she would not go for the cheapest because the more cheap the equipment is the higher(prenominal) the chances of it being of a poor quality. Again he cannot go for the extremely expensive one so as not to strain the hospitals budget although this does not imply that she will ignore the aspect of quality.There is no justification that Dr. Spiller went through the above process in selecting New Age Radiology as the hospitals major supplies. His, appears to be haste decisions made by someone who was not interested to arrive at the views of the most appropriate person in the field of purchasing. He went ahead and told Rose that everything was in methodicalness and the machine was sold in the prices but he could not explain how this was arrived at.Question TwoDr. Spillers come on can culminate into immeasurable risk and associated ethical problems. Failing to select a supplier from a wide base of applicants will lead to the sole supplier taking an advantage of monopoly which will end up in poor quality supply of equipment. The supplier may end up give a faulty X-ray processor that will not give the required servi ces to the hospital.This will mean extra expenses in the repair of the faulty equipments or purchasing a new one to replace the faulty one if it is beyond repair. A thing that will add up to change magnitude expenditure for the hospital thereby forcing the hospital to realize low profits or even loses.another(prenominal) risk is on the price which he approved without contacting Rose who was the right person in recommending the outgo price to pay for the purchased machine. Following the fact that Dr. Spiller is not a specialist in the purchasing field chances are high that might have approved and already overcharged

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) Essay

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) - Essay Example3. The timbre of the food is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Kyles hunger and drooling is the Unconditioned Response. The ring of the Microwave, which is associated with the food, is the well-read Stimulus and Kyle drooling whenever the toll rings is the Conditioned Response.4. Lucys cousins scream and cry and dragging Lucy brutally into the reside while playing is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Lucys fear is the Unconditioned Response. The proposition of playing exterior later becomes the Conditioned Stimulus and Lucys fear of wasps associated with playing is the Conditioned Response.5. The situation in which Pooyi had to get around a speech in the English class is the Unconditioned Stimulus. Pooyi getting nervous and fearing that she would be ptyalize is the Unconditioned Response. The fact that Barbara was sitting in the front row with too much Passion odourise makes the smell of the Passion perfume the Conditioned S timulus and Pooyi feeling extremely nervous and sick to her confirm every time she smells Passion perfume is the Conditioned Response.6. The electric razor shorting out and burning the chin up of Moussa is the Unconditioned Stimulus. The pain and stupor Moussa must have experienced then is the Unconditioned Response. Situations where Moussa has to handle electric toasters, coffee makers and toaster ovens are instances of Conditioned Stimulus and Moussas fear of them is the Conditioned Response.7. The electric shock is the Unconditioned Stimulus and the cats shock and pain is the Unconditioned Response. The blue light that was polar with the electric shocks is the Conditioned Stimulus and the cats heart racing when the blue light is presented is the Conditioned Response.8. The sickness that Juma felt is the Unconditioned Stimulus and her suffering is the Unconditioned Response. The meatballs

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logistics - raise ExampleThe effectiveness of logistic is improved through alliances with local suppliers that reduce cost of transportation. Porter (1985) asserts that logistics is find out component of value chain that greatly facilitates fear activities. In the club, technology is intrinsic part of strategy that facilitates inbound and outbound logistics for effective supply chain for raw material and network of distributors for finished goods. The split are sent to offshore business partners where assembling is done and local transports are routined to radiate the goods to dealers and stores. Thus, outsourcing partnership across the region significantly reduces transportation costs and helps gain competitive advantage in the current recessive environment. This saves time and effort as the assembling of products could be easily altered to causal agent the demands of the local customers across geographical boundaries. The products therefore, reach the customers timely and efficiently. Hence through creative logistic strategy, the company is not only able to survive but is also able to maintain its market position. The use of technology facilitates improved communication and enhances efficiency in delivery of goods and services. Most importantly, good logistics has helped to expand business across the globe and provided the company with sustainable source of continuous income.

Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Human Resource - Essay ExampleThe future life story tendency that I would like to pursue is to be a total bribe manager or administrator which therefore means that I will concentrate more on total reward human resource exercise in order to perfect and successfully achieve this career address once I am through with my studies.Total reward is a human resource military action that is not easily remembered or even taken seriously until the time when the staff and employees in an governing body want their benefits or are claiming compensation. This field sounds new though it is an old one but recently got a name change from compensation total rewards and motivation. It deals with issues of compensation, benefits, rewards and other valuable creations that need recognition. It requires an individual who is very(prenominal) analytical, patient, fair, and quiet and organized because before any reward is provided, a justification based on heavyset analysis of the situation is require d and even discreetness (Kandula 6).In a bid to achieve this goal in future and be of help to any organization that I will work for, I need to succeed in my studies and especially paying close attention to the human resource activity of total as it will provide me with the knowledge and also act as a involve to my work in future.Career success is defined differently by different individuals as it is in the main a personal decision and definition.Personally, career success is how much personal gratification one gets from the performance one has so far got in his or her career level at every special moment.

Specific problemsolving process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

specific problemsolving process - Essay ExampleTo fail to plan is to plan to fail. As teacher, I have resources, associations and institutions to meet the best syllabus and information. I have the contacts, connections, qualification, experience, creativity, and libraries memberships for reference and guidance. However, all these are of no use if I do non plan on their use in the course of my daily activities.My options do not exhaust with my overlord resources. They extend to my personal dimension also. I have to constantly act as and remould my mission goals, responsibilities, priorities, skills and abilities. I have to seek better results by my students, acquire skills and techniques to improve my communication skills, deliver the goods promotions, keep track of my position in healthy competition, and above all fulfill my familial responsibilities.It is start to provide me the necessary inputs and momentum to reach the top position in the institution where I work or in ano ther similar institution. It will earn me more respect, improve my social and professional status and my earning capacity and perk, provide me more means to solve rudimentary as well as complex problems, and last but not the least, it will make me a better human being. special problem-solving process is an important tool for self-satisfaction and clients satisfaction.

How to enhance expatriate motivation and effectiveness within a Term Paper

How to rise expatriate pauperism and effectiveness within a cross- ethnic organization - Term Paper caseful................. 4 1.4 Structure ...................................................................................................................5 2. hypothesis Review.......................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Work motivation ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Definition of motivation ........................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Motivation theories............................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Herzbergs Two Factor Theory..6 2.3.1 Herzbergs Two Factor Theory..8 2.3.3 Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Model..10 2.1.4 Limitation of motivation theory ........................................................................... 12 3 . Case depth psychology Nokia in China .. 13 4. Discussion and Recommendation.......................................................................... 13 5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 14 References........................................ ... In the modern world, it is uncouth to find people from different countries and cultures working in the same environment. It is essential for these organisations to improve effectiveness so as to better their competitive advantage so as to cope with the mounting competition in the global market. Employees are always willing to realise their goals in the work place. Thereby motivation factors are a concern of the employees and the human resource management. This boils down to the questions on whether employees from different ethnical organisations are prompt in different ways and how management can improve overall effectiveness in cross- cultural o rganisations (Becker, 200033). In point of fact, there could be many problems arising in these organisations such as communication difficulties and cultural differences which might negatively impact on the efficiency and cause major problems for the HR department. It is therefore important for the HR department to maintain a motivated work force. Even though, firms face related HRM problems, the craft for culturally diverse organisations is far more intricate than that of their single- culture equals. In order cross- cultural companies to die a motivate work force it is important for organisations to have a developed understanding of motivation factors (Becker, 200035). It is of great importance for companies to find out how employees from different cultural settings react to similar motivating factors, as culture has been found to have a an intense impact on human behaviour (Matic, 200894). new-made studies have revealed that people want more than money from work. There are five important issues including the merge between work and life, relationship between

Discussion about the human life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion ab forth the human deportment - Essay ExampleDestruction of human life is a consequence of reckless and irresponsible driving amongst many drivers. When people get deployed, sacked or fail to pass their final exams, we get irritated but at least our lives are non endangered. When we are on the road, however, irresponsible motor vehicle drivers are more than irritating They put our lives at risk and many of us have witnessed careless, reckless, incompetent drivers exchanging lanes, non observing road signs and traffic lights. For manikin nearly or hitting down in the mouth pedestrians in a pedestrian crossing. A number of bills to forge proper use of roads (Traffics Act Rules) have been introduced in state legislatures , the time has know produce to push for their enactment as these regulation is will help careless, reckless drivers seriously impaired. There is no doubt that reckless driving cause traffic deaths and permanent disabilities. Not observing road signs an d other Traffic Rule Acts have caused many fatal accidents leaving many physically and emotionally challenged. physically the casualties either lose their legs or either part of their body. While emotionally they become somehow mentally retarded due to ether accident, divorce, life challenges, and religion. Some quotes that attempt to provide an insight on the supra discussion include I profoundly agree with you, and Ive always felt that one of the things that is wrong with religion is that it teaches us to be satisfied with answers which are not really answers at all (236) When its gone, youll know what a gift hunch was. Youll suffer like this. So go back and bit to keep it that talks about enduring recognize. In addition, McEwan describes life experiences when he asserts that although you think the world is at your feet, it can rise up and tread on you. There are other quotes that describe the mail of McEwan in respect to life when he asserts that the cost of oblivious daydr eaming was always this moment of return, the realignment with what had been to begin with and now seemed a little worse (201). This quotes talks about proximity in life experiences. McEwan (178) points out that a story was a form of telepathy. By means of linking symbols onto a page thoughts and feelings from her mind to her lecturers. It was a magical process, so commonplace that no one stopped to wonder at it. skepticism Two Atonement is an aspect allowing individuals who have committed some crime or are problematic in unethical practices to gain freedom from mental anguish and torture arising from the guilt o organism a criminal. After engaging in many criminal activities, Briony is still not jell to atone for the same. In her final moving-picture show with McAvoy and Knightly they describe what she must atone for her sin. She does not do this I no longer saw what purpose it would serve (McEwan 198). From the perspective of Brionys crime, it is not easy to forgive. Briony f elt betrayed at the fountain not only that Robbie had sex with her younger child but also turned up not knight she also waited for long so the reside developed into a disease of guilt. Through her we get the two major issues jealousy and betrayal. Save me scene Robbie perception of what went wrong with Briony and herself. Briony telling Fiona it happened when she was 10 years old and she tells Robbie I love you. At the same time Briony knew all that happened at the fountain, from her view Robbie ordered Cecilia to strip down to her underwear and go into the fountain Robbie too attacked Cee in library. In real sense Lola was not plundered but was engaging in consensual sex. Save me scene Broiny shows us jealousy where she jumped into the river to show her love issue. The purest

Why did the majority of Germans conform to Nazi rule Essay Example for Free

why did the absolute majority of Germans conform to national socialist find oneself EssayThe majority of German citizens conformed to Nazi rule because of the triple positive and negative pressures exerted by the regime. The Nazis designed and aggressively propagated a programme likely to be mesmeric to more or less of the community and backed this up with an apparatus of terror to silence those non convinced. The successes of the party inside the country assured widespread leap out. Hitlers unknown polity, that all overturned the Treaty of Versailles and secured Germany a great deal of grunge even before the war, garnered him unpar botheled normality. The few opposite groups, and those groups targeted by Nazi governmental orientation, were move to concentration camps and a vigorous secret police assured that no opposition, especially non vocal, remained in Germany for long. Even when the atrocities of the Nazis became clean known Germans continued to confor m to Nazi rule, in the main as a result of the anti-Semitism and dogmatism prevalent in German society, effectively fostered by the Nazis. Finally, the Hitler myth is vital in judgement why the majority of Germans conformed to the rule of the regime.The contrast between Nazi rule and that of the Weimar Government that preceded it is vital in understanding why the majority of Germans conformed to Nazi rule. Gellately describes how many Germans believed that the liberal Weimar Republic was a degenerate society, and that their country was on the road to ruin. Newspapers were filled with stories regarding crime, drugs, murder and the activities of organized gangs. Crime had risen steadily between 1927 and 1932, the rate of close to crimes in large cities almost doubling. The death penalty, a popular punishment, was bestowed 1141 times from 1919 to 1932, of which only 184 were executed, a ikon which infuriated many German citizens. Hitler and his party, on the other hand, promised t o restore some semblance of the normality for which they the majority of Germans longed (Gellately). Hitler gave the police far greater powers than they had had previously, which they immediately began exercising even petty criminals such as swindlers and con-artists were sent to concentration camps without trial.Death sentences under Hitler increased in number and 80% were actually carried out, a large increase from Weimars 16%. Exaggerated stories of crime and punishment were sent to the press so often that they became office separate of Nazi mythology (Gellately). The Nazipartys emphasis on the rebuilding of the German state, an idea spread primarily through propaganda, was exceedingly popular. The Nazis also linked crime to Jews, homo inners and gypsies, which heightened the homophobia and anti-Semitism already prevalent in German society, which meant that the more radical chances of Nazi ideology were more accepted in society. The image of Hitler as a radical proponent of c leaning up the streets, banishing offenders, and purifying the race and the stories about swift justice all fuelled the populist myths about the regime as a crime fighter, and thus earned it considerable support (Gellately), which helps explain why the majority of Germans conformed to the Nazi regime.The domestic polity of the Nazi party was closely tie in to its foreign policy, which provided successes that are even more important in understanding why the majority of Germans conformed to Nazi rule. The majority of Germany believed that the Treaty of Versailles was a great injustice, and many, including Hitler, believed Germany had only lost because the army had been stabbed in the back by the Jews and politicians of Germany. After Hitler assumed complete power over Germany the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles were overturned one by one, and separately was greeted with overwhelming public support of Hitlers actions. In 1934 Hitler publicly announced that the German army, limit ed to 100 000 by the treaty, had already expanded to 240 000 and would grow to 550 000 in less than three years.At the same time he do public the existence of a German air force, forbidden under the terms of Versailles. In 1936, while France had no government in control, Hitler ordered German troops to march into the demilitarized Rhineland. Next, in October 1939, German reoccupied first the Sudetenland and then, in a surprise tank invasion, the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. These bloodless successes overjoyed the German populace, as shown by the wild, enthusiastic crowd scenes seen around Germany after each foreign policy success. The outbreak of war brought even greater success. Quickly defeating both Poland and France, and beating Britain back to her Island, then get-up-and-go far into Russian territory, the Nazi Government appeared to be well on the way to completely authoritarian the continent. Now at the peak of its power, the vast majority of Germans non only con formed to Nazi rule alone actively back up it.Almost all youth,male and female, were enrolled in Hitler Youth, as the competing youth associations (even the illegal gangs) had been removed, their attracters sent to concentration camps. Unemployment was essentially nil, with the German army and Germans arm production assuring employment for anyone that cherished it. The SPD (Social Democrats) in exile sent agents to gauge popular opinion and found that the Nazis were almost uniformly supported throughout the country.Apart from the domestic and foreign policy success of the regime, the use of terror in Nazi society is also important in understanding why the majority of Germans conformed to Nazi rule. The orthodox legal opinion of the role of the Gestapo, represented by such historians as Jackel and Hillgrber, is that the German secret policy pervaded every aspect of society, and that most Germans were so afraid of being arrested and interrogated that they were terrorized into sub mission. Recent research, however, has proven this judgment false. The terror was not the blanket, indiscriminate terror of popular myth (Johnson). In the Cologne region, for example, the Gestapo had only one officer for every 10 000 to 15 000 inhabitants ( tally to Johnson). Nazi terror was instead targeted only at opposition groups and those condemned by Nazi ideology. When an average, non-Jewish, straightaway German was under Gestapo scrutiny, they were generally treated leniently and almost never punished. When a Jew or opposition of the state was interrogated, however, they were treated brutally and almost always sent to a concentration camp.The majority of Germans did not conform to Nazi rule because of the terror instilled by the Gestapo they conformed because of the attractions of the regime as shown by its domestic and foreign policy success. On the other hand, the minority groups that were either targeted by Nazi ideology and those that were not won over by success were actually forced to conform to Nazi rule. The minority groups were primarily uncovered, according to both Johnson and Gellately, through denunciations. Many ordinary Germans were so won over by Nazi ideology that they would report to the Gestapo any suspicious behaviour, such as homosexuality or sympathy for the plight of the Jews. In fact, almost anyone who did not openly support the regime was denounced by at least one neighbour.This made the Gestapo a highly effective unit, despite its small numbers, whentracking down ideological enemies of the state. The Gestapo also proved highly effective in tracking down more serious opponents of the state. Through forced confessions, reports from informers and remunerative spies, house searchers, police raids, information supplied by Nazi Party officials, SS and SA storm troopers, and police auxiliaries, long-existing police registers of political opponents and known criminals, and other official sources (Gellately) the Gestapo tracked down and removed all serious opposition to the Nazi regime. In this way the Gestapo is vital to an understanding of why the majority of Germans conformed to Nazi rule because those few who mogul harbor doubts about the regime could never voice them for fear of persecution.The most dubious elements of Nazi policy the systematic murder of huge numbers of people based on race or sexual preference were grounded in deep-seated prejudices that proliferated German society. The prejudice against homosexuality was extremely, so it is not a subvert of credibility to surmise that many Germans supported the imprisonment of confirmed homosexuals. Hitlers advertisement of Rhms sexuality as justification for his murder is indicative of the strength of homophobia in Germany. Anti-Semitism in Germany (indeed, Europe) stretches back well over a thousand years. Again, it seems certain that most of the German community would have personally approved, to varying levels, of the persecution of the Jews. This is not to say that the majority of Germans supported the Nazi atrocities, but that the majority of Germans supported the principle of discrimination (if not the extremes to which it was carried). While virtually all balked when presented with Nazi war crimes (although Kershaw argues that the systematic gassing programme was largely unknown, not all can have been sincere given the direct participation of Germans in many parts of the process), the principle behind the killings was appreciated by many Germans. By building on existing prejudices that Nazis ensured that most Germans could find something to support in Nazi ideology.Finally, one of the most important factors in explaining German concord is in the foundation of the Nazis unity the most stunning propaganda success the regime enjoyed, the ecesis of the Hitler myth. This propagandahelped create a population that did not just conform, but willingly conformed. Kershaw argues that while ultimately most of Nazi propaganda failed in their objectives, Goebbels succeeded in depicting Hitler as a dynamic, active, visionary leader who would lead Germany to greatness. Kershaw states that Hitler was seen as the representative of popular justice, the voice of the healthy sentiment of the people, the upholder of public morality, the embodiment of strong, if necessarily ruthless, action against the enemies of the people to apply law and order. Before the war Hitler was portrayed as both a statesmen and as the future legions leader, taking muster of his armed forces (Kershaw).When the war began this image was broadened and the image of Hitler as supreme war leader and military strategist came to dominate all other components of the Fhrer myth. The decline of the Hitler myth followed the military reversals of the war, when the population realised Hitlers personal responsibility for the catastrophe of Stalingrad. But until then the myth formed a epoch-making part of the reasons why Germans conformed to Nazi ru le. Accompanied by the early successes of the Nazi regime, this created a very glib regime regardless of the attractiveness of its ideology. Without an attractive ideology, a majority of Germans would have willingly conformed to Nazi rule at least as long as they didnt have to make sacrifices to do so. Combined with the Nazi ideology, which was attractive to a broad cross-section of Germany, the high level of conformity exhibited in Nazi Germany does not seem remarkable.Germans conformed to Nazi rule primarily because of the regimes initial domestic and foreign policy success, and the success of the establishment of the Hitler myth. Those groups who either opposed the regime or were targeted by Nazi ideology had little impact on the overall support of the party because they were silenced by the highly-effective Gestapo.

Google’s Country Experience Case Study Essay Example for Free

Googles Country Experience facial expression Study EssayThe well-known online calculate railway locomotive Google still being used in mainland of China, level(p) they shut down the Google China service. Chinese sometime prefer to use Google Hong Kong instead. The reason of that is Google provides cases of bet to a greater extent reliable and efficiency. However, Google still quitted the market of China.The work progress of search engine is more complicate than adept search the key-words. The key-words could be link to every websites that used the word, sometime it bonnie have nothing to do with the main point. According to Curt Franklin, the search engines works basically performs three tasks (http//computer.howstuffworks.com/ lucre/basics/search-engine.htm) Search the Internet, or select pieces of the net profit based on important words. Keep an power of the words they found, and where they found them. Allow user to look for words or combinations of words found in that index. In that index, they dont only mien the websites by key words, but also by contents. So each time we search something by words, in order to get what exactly we need, the organisation would find out more results that link to these words in the index. Thats how thats how sometime we got results accommodating but have no same key words with what we typed in.Search engines al expressions provide gratis(p) search experience for users they make money from other websites. For websites, of no one check on at all, that wont be necessary to exist. Search engines are just a good way to bring those websites in front of peoples eyes. According to Grant Crowell, there are a lot ways to make money for a search engine website. They can all sort into 3 aspects (http//searchengi reinvigoratedatch.com/article/2066421/How-Search-Engines-Make-Money) Provide unique search technologies, a search engine has to consider what differentiates its search product from others. And they can sell the tec hnologies to others. Commercial search results, which means those websites they can pay to the search engine for raise their websites shown on the result list. Advertising, provide advertise link which about what users search out of the search results. One step further, search engines could build some partnerships with a diversity of vendors, partners,products, and sales channels. However, as the internet getting bigger, Google grew bigger. Todays Google is not just a search engines.We could find news, music, movies channels on it. Google system on cellphone is still in competition with Apples IOS IPhone system. Lately, with internet release everywhere in our life, Googles own laptop system has become more popular. Which has no firm drive, everything saves on Google cloud. Obviously, the ways Google make money are more than we can imagine. The search engines have in high spirits exportability in every country as long as they use internet there. It like a transportation industry, no matter what people do, they need transportation to move their goods. Search engines are just transportations which bring the websites with information that user need to them. Its good to bring the technology into a new area it may improve internet users experience. The business model for Google or others search engines basically is exchange advertises on search results. But these advertises are going to be useful based on what users searched. there are users looking for information, and also organizations which trying to giving information. The search engines give user search result and there advertisings about what they need to them, and get paid from these organization who post those advertising.

History Comparison Betwen Mexican and African Americans Essay Example for Free

History Comparison Betwen Mexican and African the Statesns EssayThe history of Mexican Americans is comparable to that of African Americans filled with stories of victory, racism, and discriminatory acts posed by society. The past tense has triggered Chicanos to fight back against injustices, in hopes of reforming immoral treatment, and emerging as an equal part of Americas society. The Chicano movement yielded some successes in this aspect. However, mass media and stereotypes confirm the notion that Mexican Americans are still viewed as a lesser mint. This stems from the long-established concept of racial stratification. In this case, it indicates that Anglo-Americans absorb hierarchy over Mexican Americans. Consequently, divergence towards Chicanos is still prevalent, despite ongoing efforts by activists for change. This nation was socially molded based on the nous that there is a hierarchy of races, and as long as that idea exists, Mexican Americans will pass to suffer inequality. In Sexual Violence in the Politics of Conquest, Castaneda explores the sexual crimes against Amerindian women during the Spanish conquest of Alta California.The soldiers accompanying the missionaries on the positiontlement raped and violated the native women openly. There were many incidents earlier rules were set to govern the matter, but even after the rapes continued to occur. One court case recorded in 1773 indicates that there was no intention to grant justice to the victims. The natives took matters into their induce hands and formed forces to seek their own justice (similar to Chicano activist groups that seek reform for discrimination), but to no avail.Castaneda goes on to explain that the actions of the soldiers were not implausible from practices of Western civilization (27-28). Because these dark crimes were normal for the dominant culture, they were automatically imposed on the natives, who were supposed to accept this without resistance. This is similar to Mexican Americans during the Chicano movement, who were not given equal opportunities for education and employment because they were not in the of import group. In both situations, the majority emasculates the men and oppresses the women of the minority.The idea of hierarchy is apparent in this passage Catholic missionaries try to strip the natives of their culture and convert them to value Western practices because they consider themselves the prominent people. The history of the Chicano bowel movement can date back to the Manifest Destiny. In the 1840s, the United States planned to expand its territory and rent Mexico, which had become independent from Spain. In reporting these events, Leo Cervantes notes the attitude of superiority that the Americans displayed in their imperialist plan.He notes one adherents thoughts, who asked why resign this beautiful country to the custody of the ignorant cowards who have ruled for the last 25 years? (13). Cervantes also quotes Thomas Jefferson, who has similar views of the matter, and promoted policies of non-miscegenation during the expansion (14). withal before Anglo-Americans were acquainted with Mexicans, they held predisposed opinions of contempt for them. As I suggested, Arturo Rosales agrees, An on a lower floorlying cause for the hostility Anglo-Americans matt-up for Mexicans was a preexisting ideology of racism (5).These preconceived notions of Mexican Americans were the beginning of negative stereotypes attached to them. immediately Chicanos are often represented in the media as uneducated thugs, loose women, or undocumented workers. Even whites who claim they are not racist may practice aversive racism by enthralling the images portrayed in media. It is this ideology of racism has contributed to discrimination over the years and inversely, the building of the Chicano Movement. The movement flourished in the 1950s and 1960s, feeding off other civil rights movements, particularly the African America n movement.Both African American civil rights activists and Chicano activist protested the unlawful repression of minorities in America. They protested the terrible education system, police brutality, and denial of sparing opportunities. Arturo Rosales compares Chicano activist, Cesar Chavez to Martin Luther King. It is expected that on this path to address the plight and repression of their people, Chicanos were met with resistance from White Americans. Rosales notes that police officers and other uniformed officials were employed to suppress manifestations of discontent and did so using violence (xv).It can be suggested that Anglo-Americans considered Chicanos a threat to the racial hierarchy, so they took action. Cervantes supports this theory, quoting Brooks Adams who said, When a highly centralized society disintegrates, under the pressure of economics condition, it is because the energy of the race has been exhausted (18). This point illustrates the pressure Anglo-Americans felt to keep superiority over Mexicans. The American achievement ideology suggests four points Anyone can make it. American society is honorable and open.Success is based on merit. Moreover, inequality is the result of differences in ability and ambition. This ideology contradicts the apparent cause of a racial hierarchy. Stratification of races has formed structural discrimination among minorities, specifically, Mexican and African Americans. The scurvy education, poor neighborhoods, and badly equipped jobs that these minorities are subjected to prevent them from achieving upward mobility. However, white America still neglects to acknowledge these factors.Historian, Oscar Lewis, believed that people living in poverty are to blame for their own situation, yet minorities history in America consists of repression and treatment as inferior beings. There is no questioning it racial classes have been socially constructed and this has at a time affected minorities. The Chicano Movemen t has led to some advances for Mexican American such as the growing come of Latinos attending school, and raise concerns about unequal treatment to Chicanos. However, because underlying values of America are products of a deep-rooted, corrupt social structure, issue of prejudice will continue to exist.

The Wife of Bath from the Canterbury Tales Essay Example for Free

The married woman of Bath from the Canterbury Tales Essay unchewable Women What would you think of someone who has been married five times, and uses their body as a bargaining tool to evolve what they want from their husbands? Would you consider that to be trashy and of low morals or smart and powerful? Or would you compare them to the modern day celebrity? The married woman of Bath from The Canterbury Tales is an older woman who lived sometime in the middle ages, who savours to argue and be right. Elizabeth Taylor is a stunningly elegant 1950s actress who was the type of person that got near a lot and was sexually scandalous.The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor relate to each other actually closely. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor are both women of high class and sophistication. They are also very experience in the field of love. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were both considered to be very classy women from their time period. In The Canterbury Tales, The W ife of Bath is described to be someone of high fashion, wore expensive clothing, and was materialistic. Her hose were of the finest scarlet red and gartered confining her shoes were soft and new.Bold was her face, handsome, and red in hue. A worthy woman all her look (Chaucer 466 469). Even though the Wife of Bath is not seen as existence very attractive, the clothing she wore and her vista towards people makes her seem like a woman of high class. In comparison, Elizabeth Taylor was famous and known for world astonishingly beautiful. Early on, scouts were riveted by the astonishingly lovely child with violet eyes and a sultry, nigh adult, beauty. (Rosen). Taylor, being a famous actress, could afford to wear name brand clothing.Taylor was also very substantially mannered and the carried herself with high class. Furthermore, the Wife of Bath is known to be the experienced expert on love and sex. During her prologue, she insists on arguing with the pardoner and proves her po int until she wins. She knew the remedies for loves mischances, an art in which she knew the oldest dances. (Chaucer 485 -486). The Wife of Bath, being married five contrastive times, asserts herself to be the know-it-all expert on love. Elizabeth Taylor was also very experienced in the field of love.Taylor was married eight times to seven people. The melodrama of Taylors life includes 8 marriages to 7 different men, 4 children, widowhood, affairs (Rosen). During the course of her life, Taylor had numerous affairs and scandals. Constantly being watched by the public, nothing she did was unbroken private. In conclusion, The Wife of Bath from The Canterbury Tales and the actress, Elizabeth Taylor are very closely related. They both are experienced in the field of love. The Wife has been married five times and believes that she is the expert when it comes to love and marriage.She loves to argue with the other travelers and prove that she is right. Elizabeth Taylor has been married eight different times, has been involved with multiple affairs and scandals over the course of her life, and has been in the view of the public eye. They also are considered women of high class. The Wife wears only the finest clothing made of the finest materials. The way she carries herself, she roughly thinks she is more worthy and more educated than everyone else. Elizabeth Taylor was famous for and known for being one of the most beautiful women in the country.Since she was an actress, she obviously could afford to wear the most expensive clothing she could find. Overall, the Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were very similar in a few ways Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales.

Coca Cola and Pepsi Essay Example for Free

coca low-down and Pepsi EssayPepsi sess and Coca sens has been in the dope wars for centuries now. They had strategies to stay in the business competitively both companies did their best to stay up by fashioning contracts with celebrities, making banners and posters, TV commercials. Pepsi Cola and Coca Cola has the same core benefit for their products, which is to quench the aridity of their consumers as well as selling a non-alcoholic soft drink. Core benefit is the fundamental fatality or want that consumers satisfy by consuming the product or service. The Coca Cola products atomic number 18 constantly produced in a red background with Coca Cola writing. Conversely, Pepsi products are packaged with their low writing. Brand knowledge is important for the health of the company. The Coca Cola brand was worth $79 meg in the year 2013 in comparison to Pepsi Cola brand, which was only $17 million worth. A consumer from a different country can identify a Coca Cola product, even though its in a foreign language and they may still recognize the product immediately.Coca Cola is much more widely available than Pepsi. Coca Cola creates a sort of convenience for consumers for macrocosm widely available thus getting the loyalty of the consumers. There is a higher demand for Coca Cola than Pepsi thus restaurants are more favorable towards Coca Cola. For example, McDonalds is providing Coca Cola, but KFC and Hardees provide Pepsi. Pepsi has continuously had the younger generation in mind. Their advertising and marketing strategies are fixed to target teens aged 14 or even younger with a fun and most often interlaced with music. This is evident all over the years as Pepsi had musical celebrities like Michael Jackson, Britney Spears and now Beyonce.Coca Cola to a fault targets diversifying their audience and fetching geographical aspects in high consideration as they target the world filled with different cultures. The ingredients of these products also can be differentiated as Pepsi has slightly more sugar, caffeine and calories while Coca Cola has slightly more sodium. Coca Cola is a much fizzier drink due to its high fate of carbonation in comparison to Pepsi. In Kazakhstani market Coca Cola is preferred more than Pepsi. As it was already mentioned, everyone can find Coca Cola everywhere, even far from populated cities. Also, Coca Cola is open to present the process of its creation.

Nature versus nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature versus promote EssayE genuinely individual in this world has their own distinctive personality and behavior. People whitethorn wonder why an individual may puzzle out the way they do. Thus psychologists had put this into a study of whether an individuals behaviors ar caused by hereditary or the environment. This study is known as the nature-nurture debate. This essay will discuss the difference among nature vs nurture, which one applies to me, and how it influenced me in my life. This controversial debate has existed since 1869, when the phrase Nature Versus Nurture was coined by the face polymath, Francis Galton. Throughout different time periods, this controversy continued with two contrasting scientists leading the debate. During the Greek mere period, Plato, who favored nature meaning the genetic influence on the individuals behavior that relies in the main on peculiaritys that you inherit. While Aristotle, who favored nurture meaning the effect the environmen t has on that individual which relies broadly on time spent improving a skill set, for example influence of parents or friends. The object of the nature-nurture debate is to explain the effect of genetic influence and the environment on the development of human trait and behavior.As far as nature goes there are many traits that I go through contractable naturally through genetics from my mamma and dad. From my dad I can retell I be possessed of inherited his height as well as his eating habits. I can tell that my produce ethic has been inherited from my dad because he is a very hard worker and can neer sit still, I also strive to achieve my personal best. My dad is also a very controlling and demanding person in which I see myself doing also. While from my mom I have inherited her good looks, sensitivity, and concerned for other peoples feelings.I have also inherited my moms super mathematical skills and my dads artistic abilities. I can also tell that I have inherited a g ood sense of wellbeing from my mom. Alongside that came nurture that are behaviors that I have developed from the environment I grew up in. I have wise to(p) to treasure all people from being influenced at school and in the home. I have also learned to be responsible of things such as going to school or work on a daily basis, and doing the right thing. I learned that if I am non responsible and do not do my work, then I must pay the consequences.I have also learned from experiences that if I do what I am supposed to do, I may be rewarded greatly for it. I have been influenced to do something that will benefit myself and be rewarded for good things done. My environment has influenced me in many ways to act upon certain things automatically. Things like looking both ways before crossing the street, or other things that have the appearance _or_ semblance to be common sense are learned from nurture. When I say which one of these phrases nature vs nurture has more influence on me in my life, I would have to say nurture, because my past experiences is what made me the woman I am today.In most instances, the aspect of nurture tends to apply to children who live with their parents. The way I was brought up affected me now that I am an adult. This is because nurture is a product of a persons childhood upbringing. There tends to be various external influences relating to nurture that affected my behavioral as a person. These include environmental factors such as the parental upbringing, the peer groups, the socioeconomic status, and other factors in the outside world.

Minimum Wage Increase Essay Essay Example for Free

borderline Wage Increase Essay EssayMost people would agree that height the minimal remuneration sounds like a good idea, but arguments arise concerning if this addition would benefit the economy. J bed Bernstein believes that a minimum employ increase would positively affect the American economy. He argues that the economy is driven by consumer spending and execrableincome workers are very believably to spend their extra substantiateed money. On the contrary, Douglas HoltzEakin strives to reserve the point that raising the minimum net profit would not be beneficial to the economy. He argues that there would be no lessening in poverty because only a small percent of minimum betroth workers are in poverty, trance most are unemployed. An examination of raising the minimum lease provide reveal wherefore it will benefit American society. According to Jared Bernstein raising the minimum wage would sponsor. Bernstine kindles that the American economy is make up of 7 0 percent consumer spending. He argues that an extra dollar earned by a wealthy person is less likely to be spent than an extra dollar earned by a grimincome person.In addition Bernstein points bulge that this leads to the humbleincome worker being much more likely to consume their extra dollar of earnings. Similarly one might argue that a minimum wage increase that today raises the pay of a relatively small share of the workforce by a small amount is unlikely to be a big deal. Raising the minimum wage is a growth strategy and should be used to try to revive our economy. The wage increase would dish families assay on minimum wage salaries. These families would see these new earni ngs as a chance to spend on new things and will slightly help macroeconomic growth. Helping the economy on the margin while also helping these families make ends accumulate. cardinal should conclude that raising the minimum wage will help families in need and in terms help the economy. According to Douglas HoltzEakin Raising the federal minimum wage will neither reduce poverty nor boost growth. HoltzEakin suggests that increasing the minimum wage would ensure that millions of Americans got raises that they would presumptively turn right around and spend. He argues that unfortunately the money for a raise has to come out of the wallet of another American.In addition HoltzEakin points out that the minimum wage hike for one lowwage worker comes directly out of the pocket of another. In contrast one might suggest that the wage increase is neither antipoverty nor stimulus. According to Holtzs article companies may not be able to hire as many workers if the wage is increased. The money may not come directly from another working Americans pocket but it has to come from somewhere. Businesses may suffer from the increase. Some businesses may not even be able to hire as many employees as necessary, taking away jobs. One should conclude that increasing the wage may harm other americans not directly affected by the increase. According to Jared bernstein the moderate increases in the minimum wage boost the earnings of most lowwage workers without leading to large employment losses. He argues that The increase favored by the president and congressional Democrats, would status the real value of the wage floor back where it was in the late 1960s.In addition Bernstein suggests that this increase would directly affect about 13 percent of the workforce. He argues a vast majority of low wage families would benefit from the increase. Similarly one might suggest that some families struggling to make ends meet have 2 or 3 minimum wage jobs. These families with multiple minimum wage jobs will greatly benefit from the increase. This research does not put into account that many families struggling on minimum wage have multiple minimum wage jobs. Now these families would have extra earnings to make ends meet and stimulate the economy.Since minimum wage workers are more likely t o spend their extra dollars,the american economy will benefit from extra consumer spending. One should conclude that raising the minimum wage would help lower class families who depend on minimum wage. According to Douglas HoltzEakin the minimum wage is a pathetic tool to fight poverty because it does not target those in poverty. HoltzEakin suggests that only 2 percent of workers earn the minimum wage, and only 20 percent of those are in poverty. He argues that the reality is that the dividing line amidst being poor and being nonpoor is having a job. In addition HoltzEakin points out that only 7 percent of those who have a job are in poverty, while more than 27.5 percent of those without jobs are poor.

Involves and acid and a metal Essay Example for Free

Involves and biting and a metal EssayThe Problem To investigate one of the factors affect the assess of chemical answer between a metal and an acetous. Background Knowledge The balanced equation for the response that takes channelise between atomic number 12 and hydrochloric acid is Mg + 2HCl == MgCl + Cl From this equation, we can already see that it involves and acid and a metal, therefore Acid + metal == salt + hydrogen The ionisation equation of the hydrochloric acid is HCl(aq) == H + Cl This experiment allow demonstrate the breaking of bonds. Bonds break in order to allow authorized atoms to re-arrange before the new bonds are formed.When magnesium reacts with the hydrochloric acid, a particle of this acid must clash with a particle of the magnesium with adequate power in order to break the bonds between the magnesium and the hydrochloric acid. This is cognise as the Collision Theory. The collisions between the particles must collide more(prenominal) often and with more sufficient energy in order for the rate of reaction to increase. Although, not e actually collision produces a successful reaction as they require a certain amount of energy to break bonds. This is called activation energy.The rate of a chemical reaction refers to the speed at which it happens, and different metals react at various rates. The progress of a reaction can be measured by the rate of a formation of a mathematical product or by the decrease of reactants. There are four main factors that can be alter to affect the rate of reaction between magnesium and acid 1. Surface area (of the reactants) 2. Concentration (of the reactant) 3. Temperature 4. The presence of a specific catalyst If the surface area were increased by using a magnesium powder, then the reaction would speed up, as there are more particles that are competent to collide with the hydrochloric acid.The products of a reaction are formed as a result of the collisions between the reactant particles. Co nsequently, if the concentration of a response is increased, collisions are more likely to occur. The more often the particles collide, the higher the chance that a reaction go away take place. Subsequently, the rate of a chemical reaction increases if the concentration of the reactant is also increased. This is also because the rate is proportional to the concentration. E. g. Diagram to illustrate a high concentration and a low concentrationWhen the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is increased, the energy of the particles also increases. As a result of this, the particles move much swift allowing them to collide more often with other particles. Therefore, as there are more collisions and these collisions are more energetic, the rate of reaction increases. Catalysts are used to speed up a reaction. These biological catalysts are extremely specific, therefore only speed up certain reactions. Every chemical reaction taking place has an exclusive enzyme catalyst (a n enzyme is a protein molecule produced in a living cell.)A catalyst will decrease the activation energy and forms an alternative path to help the collisions to be more successful. Safety As I will be using glass conical flasks and burettes, I will be very careful when handling them in case I harm myself or others by dropping them. The hydrochloric acid is also corrosive, which means that it is able to eat away at materials that it is within contact with. Again, I should manage this carefully and ensure that there are no vomitages. Water seems quite harmless, but if I spill any, it is possible that someone may skid or trip on it.For safety precautions, I will wear goggles and an overall and also tie my hair back. Method I will incur by attatching a plastic burette clamp to a clamp stand at a practical height to begin my experiment. I will then fill my water tub or so 1/2 full with water, and place it next to my clamp stand (so that the burette clamp is able to hole the burette above the tub. ) Next, I will fill my burette with tap water above 50cmi and attach it to my clamp stand using the burette clamp. Very quickly, I will swiftly disco biscuit the burette upside down and speedily submerge it under the water.Afterwards, I will produce the solution of hydrochloric acid and water using separate measuring cylinders. I will remove the bung that is tenia the conical flask, and pour in the measurements of hydrochloric acid and water. I will then drop the magnesium palm tree (which will be cut using scissors), replace the bung and swirl the solution for a second, whilst starting line the stop quantify. I will take readings every 10 seconds. Diagram Apparatus Burette speech tube Clamp stand Burette clamp Magnesium tape Distilled water Stop clock Conical flask Measuring cylinders (at least 2).

Advertising and Promotion Essay Example for Free

Advertising and Promotion EssayAfter first reading the entire exam, thoroughly solution each essay question consistent with the Writing Across the Curriculum section below. Save your nominate in DOC, DOCX, or RTF format with your last name in the title. Upload your exam document to the of course Dropbox no later than Sunday 1159 PM EST/EDT. You must confirm successful upload. tardy exam submissions will receive a grade of zero. Questions (25 points each) 1.As an outcome of the Module 1 Discussion, find and describe what the class as a whole (a) found to be the top four communion management problems commonly associated with advertising and promotion, and (b) found to be the top solutions to these communication management problems. Why is it essential to apply the Saint Leo core value of community when working with your peers (both in the classroom and in the work environment)? Give an example of how the core value was applied in the discussion. 2. Outline and explain the lynchpin outcomes of the research represented in the assigned mobile advertising article.3. compare (cite and explain relevant similarities) and agate line (cite and explain relevant pointed differences) the services offered by the following advertising agencies Strawberry Frog, DDB Worldwide, and Exile on 7th. 4. Compare (cite and explain relevant similarities) and phone line (cite and explain pointed differences) TV and radio as advertising media. 5. Compare and contrast the value of newspapers and magazines as advertising media given the current external marketing environment (economic, legal, social, cultural, etc.). 6. observe and explain the chief challenges confronting mobile advertising. Writing Across the Curriculum disport be reminded that all written assignments in this course (including examinations) require formal writing, i. e. , standard business English as employed in the typical executive management suite. Given the importance of proper business communication by know of business administration, examination submissions exhibiting errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and executive business style will be grade penalized.References regarding grammar exercise and style recommended by the School of Business are Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style and Shertzers The Elements of Grammar. Saint Leo University administration and placard of Trustees promise the public that we are following Benedictine values, not the least of which are excellence and integrity. Please acquit yourself in this course consistent with these values. Grades will necessarily suffer if one does not have a bun in the oven in accordance with these values.It deserves repeating plagiarism of any kind, intentional or unintentional, is treated with great mend at Saint Leo University. Plagiarism must be reported to the executive administration. A earshot will then be scheduled to advance the investigation into charges of plagiarism. It is better to be excessive in c iting sources throughout the body of a paper than to risk the charge of plagiarism. A Reference section must conclude all written work in which sources require citing. Shintaro, O. , Barwise, P. (2011). Has the Time Finally Come for the modal(a) of the Future? Journal Of Advertising Research, 515 9-71.

Training in Diversity Essay Example for Free

Training in Diversity EssaySkills and expertness in a specific type of job is necessary in order for a somebody to be selected in positions in certain companies. Nowadays, having the financial and economic crisis, companies tend to choose personnel with the highest or best expertise from the pool of apprentices in the desired field of work. It will be a ingest of time and money if the companies will no t be able to get a caliber and efficient personnel.In observing the business world, the recession has not greatly affected the food industries shut out for the breakout of melamine and Salmonella for some cases, and I can say telecommunication services still exact its place unmoved. I observed that companies with the aim of hiring and getting professionals in the job or places of the representatives are conducting trainings that superpower bring out their potentials offer degrees, say a 6 month review and hands on training with the supervisors and opposite professionals.Sin ce the job needs skilled people, the requirement to become a certified guest care representative is at least a Bachelors Degree and a proficiency in English. Bishop and bitcher in Waipahu Hawaii, for instance opens a number of position for customer care representatives but provides a temporary contract with the workers, thus only have 8 hours work at day time. On the other hand, in the Philippines, particularly BPO Training Academy caters a number of trainings that will aid the call decoct agents or representatives to deal with the problems and the sole nature of the work.The company provides an outlook of a job thus self-aggrandising its student quality education that in turn is a tool in overcoming the struts and frustrations of a call center agent. Moreover, even if the company requires fees for the training, the students have assurance for employment for the company has a number of partners that are in line with providing best service and assistance on line.ReferencesCusto mer Care Representatives. Occupational scene Handbook, 2008 09 Edition. Retrieved 26 February 2009 from http//www. bls. gov/oco/ocos280. htmtraining

The Importance Of Sustainability In Hotels

The Importance Of Sustainability In Hotels clement activities over the past centimeuries ingest affected the earths ecosystem. To mean solar day, the prejudicial consequences of hu homosexual actions lot be noticed e real(prenominal)where. world one of the larger industries in the world, the hospitality constancy is an essential contributor to these problems.In this accounting, Ill be foc development on what impacts kinds form on the eco-system. Defining what sustainability truly is. How hotels give the axe benefit from practising sustainability and what they could do to be sustainable with references.Human Impacts on the PlanetTo understand the magnitude of human impacts on the environment, economies, cultures and society, we mustiness first understand the contributions of the strike and tourism sectors. Travel and tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, which is responsible for creating jobs, change magnitude a countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP), ge nerating revenue worldwide and many to a greater extent. It comes with positive and negatively charged effects. In 2008, there were 922 million international tourist arrivals with tourism receipts of US$944 jillion 8. It is estimated that the world(prenominal) travel and tourism industry contributed 9.6 per cent of global GDP and 7.9 per cent of worldwide employment in 2008 9. tourism and travel is also a vector of climate change, accounting for approximately 5 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions.Our human footprint on earth is disrupting the biogeochemical substance cycle that has remained unchanged for millions of yrs. Lavish cities built on deserts irresponsibly take in our limited wet supply and fragment habitats. Hotels wasting huge amounts of snappyity, piddle and food after being built upon habitats that contain life necessary to the biogeochemical cycle more(prenominal) as photoautotrophs and other primary producers. Excessive amounts of food argon bot h(prenominal) consumed and excessd beyond our human packs. other consequence of human activity is the changing climate. Human activity has ca accustom upd increases in the concentration of greenho phthisis gases, which have led to increases in air and ocean temperatures, and global sea levels.As our planets natural resources become depleted, man is urged to become more responsible in their tradition of non-renewable resources and look for other renewable resources every in the form of qualification, irrigate or raw materials.What is Sustainability?UNWTOs definition of sustainability isSustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a fitted balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability 9.In open terms, sustainability means things bottomland keep going, can sustain themselves, can continue into the future and go on forever. From a human perspective, sustainability for our planet means that it can continue to do what it was designed to do come by means of fresh air, clean weewee, produce food and have a high quality of life. Unsustainability means that it cannot and that is where we be at now.There are four basic principles to arrive to achieve sustainability. These could be seen as the take instructions for our planet.Reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and heavy metals.Reduce our dependence on celluloid chemicals that persist in nature.Reduce our destruction of nature.Ensure we are not stopping people glob in from each one(prenominal)y on meeting their needs.Demand for the earth services air, water and food increases as the population increases and animation standards rise. But the earths ability to provide these services is declining because of the way we are living. In our search for prosperity, growth and success, we are destroying the system that we as humans are completely dependent on, nature. We humans hav e become a threat to our own way of life. The earth is a system and everything is connected, society, environment and economy. To live sustainably, we need to follow the four care instructions and apply them to everything we do at home and at work.Sustainable summons in hospitality can be defined as a hospitality operation that manages its resources in such(prenominal) a way that social, economic and environmental benefits are maximised in order to meet the need of the present generation charm protecting and enhancing opportunities for future generations 2.Many hotels today have recognised the negative effects their business activities have had on the environment and have taken steps to minimise or prevent those impacts from happening.Today, the term green hotels describes hotels that achieve to be more environment aloney friendly through the good use of push button, water, and materials while providing quality services 10. thou hotels conserve and preserve by saving water, c ut down energy use, and reducing real drift. They have seen benefits such as cut down be and liabilities, high rejoinder and low-risk investments, increased profits, and positive cash flows 10. Identifying these benefits and incentives has allowed the popularity of green hotels to grow.Using the Orchard tend Hotel, San Francisco, as an example, what is so diametrical about this hotel? why is it green? The answer truly is that its green from the inside out. The concrete of the basement, and all the walls and floors have recycled contents in them. The carpet backing is 100 per cent recycled. The drapes, the sheets, curtains and bed spreads in the hotel are washable. This is very important because they do not have to use chemicals to keep them clean. The wood that Orchard tend uses end-to-end the hotel is in truth Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified maple and all the knobroom furniture is make out of that material. The beautiful wood adorn that you could see in the re staurant, lobby and hallway is actually recycled spokespersonicle board. Another unique feature of the hotel is the observe government note management control system. Simply by expansion slotting the key in a sky responsibility by the front door in the guestroom testamenting enable all the light switches, air-conditioning and warmthing. Orchard Garden also encourages their staff to implement green business practices. These are the things that you can truly do and it shows that it does not necessary cost more money to go green. (For more information, refer to case study, page 18)Why Should Hotels Practise Sustainability?Hotels, resorts, motels, hostels and other forms of accommodation are the largest sector of the travel and tourism industry, and it has been shown that hotels have the greatest negative impact on the environment compared to other commercial establishments.Implementing good environmental practices in hotel operations, including using biologic resources more s ustainably, can result in positive business benefits as well as tiller an important contribution to biodiversity conservation. Key business benefits includeAppealing to engaged consumersTourists are increasingly motivated by sustainability and contributions to biodiversity conservation, as well as healthier environments and products.Reducing beGood biodiversity practices can actually lower a hotels operating costs, by reducing expenses for resource procurement, usage and disposal. modify the quality of the polishDestinations rich in biodiversity are attractive places, appeal to quality customers, and offer scope for biodiversity-based recreational activities.Improving employee productivity and understanding of responsibility to the environmentEmployees are often strongly motivated by actions to call down biodiversity such motivation helps to increase employee productivity and loyalty, and can cut back staff turnover.Securing a hotels license to officiateImplementing good pra ctices for biodiversity demonstrates that a hotel cares about the environment and runs a responsible business, and can lead to increased substitute from government, staff and local communities.Attracting investment from socially responsible investorsInvestors want to be sure that their funds are invested in businesses that have good environmental records. nix and pee Consumption, and Waste Created in the Hospitality persistenceHotels are one of the largest consumers of energy, which provide guests with high levels of comfort, services, facilities and amenities.On average, Americas 47,000 hotels clear $2,196 per available room each class on energy. This represents about 6 per cent of all operating costs. Through a strategic court to energy efficiency, a 10 per cent reduction in energy consumption would have the same financial effect as increasing the average daily room rate by $0.62 in limited-service hotels and by $1.35 in full-service hotels 2.Hotels are aware of their costl y consumption of non-renewable energy, huge generation of wastes and excessive use of water, and are taking measures to be greener.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, there are 47,000 hotels that spend $2,196 per available room each year on energy which represents about 6 per cent of all operating costs 2. Utilities make up 20 per cent of the average US hotels operating costs a huge percentage with a major impact on the bottom line and the environment. unable use of lights, cacoethesing and air conditioning is one of the major culprits in this waste of resources.Solid waste generated by hotels comes in many sizes and forms. Wastes from 25 hotels were examined. The statistics showed that from 1991-1993 the hotel waste consisted of 46% food waste, 25.3% paper, 11.7% cardboard, 6.7% plastics, 5.6% glass, and 4.5% metals 10. This gives a clear singularity of the various forms of waste that a small number of hotels can be produced in a city.It is estimated that by 20 10, water use volition increase to approximately 475 gallons per day for each room in high luxury facilities 10. This will continue to put more stress on an already stressed environment. The use of water will al slipway be a vital part of the guests experience. However, hotels must take the foremost to inform guests of the impacts their actions would have on the environment.Energy conservationHotels can have large, costly energy requirements, peculiarly in areas for cooling, heat, lighting and others. There are various alternatives and ways to conserve energy such asSolar PowerThe application of the suns rays can be employ for natural lighting, heating and capturing electricity through solar panels.Wind PowerWind turbines capture the kinetic energy stored in the wind, which is then converted into electricity, very similar to those apply in farms.HydropowerHydropower is electrical energy that is generated by using the flow of water through a turbine with a generator.Geothermal PowerGeothermal power is energy that is gained by heat stored beneath the surface of the earth. Pumps bringing heat from beneath our feet can be used to directly heat hotels and other buildings or used as a source of power that drives steam turbines to produce electricity.Hotels worldwide are recognising the benefits of energy conservation and are undertaking throw offs to tap onto these benefits, and doing their part to ease the environment. Choices made when buy equipment can have a major impact on the hotels operating expenses and on the environment therefore, it is important that efficiency be considered before purchasing energy intensive equipment.For example, the Solar Valley Micro-E Hotel, Dezhou City, eastern China, is the worlds largest solar-powered hotel. It has thousands of unchangeable solar panels and solar heat pipe collectors to harvest the energy from the sun, and stores enough energy to sustain 70 per cent of its needs.The Hyatt Regency International Hotel in New Zealand understood that guests often left appliances and heating and cooling systems on when they were out of their retinue. The hotel developed a insure to link energy use with room occupancy. Now when a guest leaves the room, all energy appliances shut down, with the exception of refrigerators, alarm clocks, and other essential appliances. The project costs were $16,000, while the payback period was scarcely 14 months, with savings of $14,000 annually 10.About 40 per cent of the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louises electricity needs are met by wind and hydro electricity. Since 1999, they have been using green power derived from sources such as wind, hydro and biomass. They produce little or no greenhouse gas emissions and have minimal environmental impacts.The Sheraton Auckland Hotel and Towers realised that the daily washing of sheets, towels, flannels, tablecloths, and other linens accounted for 35% of the energy consumed in the laundry process, while drying consumed 65%. The ho tel simply changed the temperature of the wash from 85 degrees Celsius to 65 degrees Celsius. This change carry outd $2,000 in energy costs in the first 3 months alone, and the linens came out just as clean. This project, in addition to reducing energy costs, crucifyd the use of washing chemicals and decreased pollution of the hotel wastewater. Also, allowing the hotel guests the option of having linens washed every other day alternatively than daily can significantly assist in energy and water conservation 10.A hotel can have thousands of individual light bulbs and may use 30 per cent of its total electricity. Lighting is the mho largest energy consumption system in a hotel and presents one of the best opportunities for energy savings by doing some simple upgrades. By making upgrades in guest rooms, semi earth areas and behind-the-scenes areas, a hotel can see immediate, consistent savings with no impact on the overall guest experience.Ways to save electricityReplacing tradit ional incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs can reduce maintenance and cut lighting costs. CFLs last many generation longer and use five generation lesser energy than a traditional light bulb. A compact fluorescent light used in place of an incandescent light that is left on continuously for 12 months, all 8,760 hours of the year, will pay for itself in less than one year 10. constitute motion sensors or key-activating systems in rooms. With such a system the room lights will always be off when unoccupied, without inconveniencing the guest.When upgrading lighting systems in common areas, consider installing new control systems to manage lighting in large areas. Computerised lighting controls will allow hotel operators to provide the ideal level of lighting based on the time of day, event or situation. This will prevent unnecessarily high lighting levels or unneeded lighting.Hotels should educate their staff to switch off lights and turn down heating o r air-conditioning when rooms are unused. Simple actions like termination the drapes during the summer months can save the hotel money in air-conditioning costs.Install films on windows, which will lower heating and cooling loads. Window films can also reduce the glare in guestrooms.exercising proper detachment and reflective roof interbreedings. This can save in heating and cooling costs.Purchase appliances, which are Energy Star certified wherever possible.In laundry areas, remove old washing machines and replace them with both energy and water conserving models.Use natural daylight in lobby, bar and restaurant for as much as possible. Consider installing skylights.Exterior lighting can be used as a design element and can have dramatic effects. However, consider adding timers, which would switch off the lights at times like 3am, when no one is around to impress.Install solar water heating systems for heated pools. Use covers to cover hot tubs and pools when the areas are closed , this will reduce vaporization.Exit signs, such as LED, when installed throughout a building can save hundreds or even thousands of dollars in energy and maintenance costs.Use an energy management system (EMS), which is designed to control the mechanical equipment in the hotel, thereby saving utilities such as gas and electricity. This system determines when air-conditioning or heating can be switched on/off or up/down. As soon as the guest enters the room, his room key card is inserted in a slot behind the door. Electricity for the light and the air-conditioner will now be activated. As soon as the guest leaves the room the utilities will be automatically switched off. The energy consumption of the hotel can be monitored by comparison reports generated by the energy management system and the front piazza. For example, if occupancy levels are not high the energy consumption should be lower and visa versa.In kitchens, use smaller convection ovens to replace oversized stuffy oven s.If available, schedule an energy audit with the local energy provider or energy auditor.Water ConservationWater conservation is just as important as energy conservation. Fresh clean water is one of the most valuable commodity on earth. Using improved technologies hotels can deliver tally or better services to guests using less water. From a guests perspective, the use of water is a vital part of his or her experience. Any water restrictions would result in guests being unhappy and so maintaining comely water comfort must be central to all water management strategies.Ways to save waterStart a linen reuse programme for towels and sheets in all guest rooms. crowing the option to guests to choose whether or not they want to reuse their towels and sheets, which can save huge amounts of water and reduce chemical wastage.Laundry washers, which use final rinse water for prewashing of the next load of laundry.Install low-flow showerheads and run aerators. 2.5 gallons per minute (GPM) s howerheads and 1.5 GPM aerators are recommended for water savings and guest satisfaction respectively. The latest generation of sink taps is equipped with infrared sensors that automatically turn off when a person walks away or when the allotted quantity per wash has been delivered.Install low-flow toilets or toilet-tank fill diverters. The THC Rotorua Hotel in New Zealand had urinals that crimson automatically every nine minutes. Each flush used 10 liters of water. This added up to 66 litres per hour, no matter of whether the urinals had been used or not. The total consumption for three urinals was 4,740 daily 2. After realising the huge water cost, the hotel installed detectors that could sense when someone is using the urinals, and allow flushing to occur after being used. This greatly reduced the water usage from 66 litres per hour to 40 litres during the day and 20 litres in the night.For gardens, watering should take place either early in the morning or later in the day to r educe the possibility of evaporation in hot weather. Switch to drought resistant plants. Replace mowed landscaping with artificial ground cover or native ground cover.Pool covers will reduce evaporation and have the added advantage of reducing heat loss in cooler climates.To reduce water use, consider rainwater harvesting and/or a greywater system. Properties investing in fountains and water features should turn off appliances at night and consider the use of greywater.In kitchens, use a food-thawing machine instead of running water over foods for faster thawing.Water conservation urges hotels to use improved practices that will reduce and enhance the beneficial use of water, addressing the technical and human side of water management issues. For example,The Houston-based Green Hotels Association observed water use in the San Antonio-based La Quinta hostel. Through a one-month period, the hotel showed an average of 100 gallons of water being used per guest per billing period. The filament totaled more than a billion gallons in the first nine months in 1996. La Quinta Inn then installed low-flow showerheads and aerating faucets in each room, resulting in a saving of $1.50 per room per month. Replacing all toilets with ultra-flow toilets at a cost of $3,250 showed a payback in 2.1 years and annual water saving of 180,000 gallons per year 10.Waste ReductionThe hospitality industry creates tons and tons of waste each year collectible to its mass facilities, amenities and services provided to their guests. To give an indication of the size of waste created,The European Union produces 1.3 billion tons of waste each year. In other words, 3.5 tons of refuse and liquid or solid waste per European citizen, risely a third of this food waste for which the food service industry has a responsibility. Another 40 45 million tons of this huge mountain of waste is classed as hazardous, or particularly dangerous 2.In response to current trends, hotel owners and operators ar e analyzing ways to make changes in operations to cut waste disposal costs, protect the environment and increase guest loyalty. A few proactive hotel corporations have mandated hotel environmental programmes such as water and energy efficiency and more recently, waste reduction and cycle.Ways to reduce wasteTo increase guest involvement, place recycling instructions in guest rooms and locate recycling collection containers in convenient locations in convention halls and public areas throughout the hotel. Always place a trash container along side of the recycling container in public areas to avoid trash being thrown in the recycling bin.Buy guest amenity and force products that contain recycled material. Provide amenities such as shower caps, shoe wipes on request.Shred office paper and use it to package shipments.Decrease the number of hard copies of documents by establishing a central register system to store documents.Use recycled, unbleached and chlorine- alleviate paper produ cts, and try to minimise the amount of paper used by staff and guests. Print with soy-based inks, which are less harmful to the environment.Purchase vacuum cleaners with reusable bags versus disposables ones.Reduce the need for pesticide applications in guest rooms and employee work areas by removing food containers, garbage and recycling containers daily clean employee break rooms daily to remove crumbs and spills and report cracks around doors and windows to the engineering subdivision for repairs to prevent crawling pests from entering.Re-dye stained bath towels and washcloths for reuse as pool towels and cleaning cloths. Re-dye linens and carpet to morning star remodeled decor. Re-dye tablecloths and napkins to match new color schemes when remodeling reuse worn table linens as cleaning rags or make into aprons, laundry bags, mattress covers.Provide reusable items such as cloth napkins, glass cups, ceramic dishes, etc. with all food and beverage services. Just by using glass or plastic coasters can reduce cocktail napkin waste, and by providing mugs for coffee instead of disposable cups can play a large part in conserving the environment.Purchase refrigerators, freezers, and coolers which are CFC-free.Donate leftover food to a local non-profit organisation. Consider using a compost bin.Purchase cleaning products with less hazardous constituents. Use a hazardous chemical containment pan to prevent leaching of unused chemicals.Donate leftover guest amenities, old furniture and appliances to charities. surface and reupholster damaged and dated furniture.Use dry, concentrated dishwasher chemicals in dispensers to reduce chemical spills and waste.Most guests are pleased to see the use of products made from recycled materials, energy efficient light bulbs, low-flow showerheads and recycling programmes in hotels and restaurants that they patronise. Hotel managers report that most guests are willing to participate in the hotels recycling efforts.No matter how w ell aforethought(ip) the hotels waste reduction and recycling initiatives may be, they probably wont succeed without the support of the hotel department managers and staff. booming hotel recycling programmes require employee involvement, training and recognition.Involve all employees in the recycling programme. They are already disposing of waste as they perform their daily jobs. Recycling is simply disposing of job related waste in a different container from the one used for trash. Hotels should seek their ideas in organising the recycling programme and for methods of collecting and storing the materials. Employees are more likely to support a programme that they understand and have helped design.Case StudyThe Orchard Garden HotelLocation466 Bush Street, San Francisco, California 94108Management CompanyPortfolio Hotels Resorts, LLCNumber of Guests Rooms86 roomsAwards and CertificationsSan Francisco Green BusinessGreen Seal Certified SilverLEED certified U.S. Green structure C ouncilBest organic fertilizer Restaurant in San Francisco British Airways TourismLocated in the heart of San Francisco, the Orchard Garden Hotel is near the Financial District, Union Square, and the Chinatown gate. At 10 stories, the 56,000-square-foot building includes 86 guestrooms and a 56-seat restaurant and bar. The hotel opened in 2006, and in 2007, it became the third hotel in the U.S. and the fourth hotel in the world to earn LEED certification from the U.S. Green Building Council.Among the Orchard Gardens most innovative features is the key card. After allowing guests into their room, the card becomes a powerful energy-management system. Guests activate the rooms lighting and mechanical systems by inserting the card into a slot near the door. When they leave the room, they remove the card from the box, turning off all systems except for one outlet, which can be used to charge laptops or cell phones. The system, which cost about $37,000 to install, was anticipated to save n early 20 per cent in energy costs, paying for itself in two years.Since the building is located in an urban centre, multiple public-transit lines stop inwardly walking distance of the hotel. The hotel also features bicycle stalls for both employees and guests, and employees who cycle to work are encounter to use a guestroom shower.High levels of insulation reduce sound transmission between rooms while improving energy efficiency. More than 80 per cent of all regularly occupied spaces are day lit, reducing the need for electric lighting, and a roof terrace strengthens visitors sense of connection to the natural environment.The project team selected materials for their recycled content, regional origin, and low chemical emissions. Materials used in the project include concrete made with flyash in place of some of the cement, wood certified to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards, and low-emitting carpeting made with recycled content. During the construction process, the projec t team diverted 77 per cent of all waste, by weight, from the landfill.The entire hotel is designated tobacco-free. Housekeeping staff use green cleaning products, and all fabrics, selected for their low chemical emissions, are machine-washed to avoid the use of dry-cleaning chemicals. Bins in each room encourage guests to recycle, and the hotel uses recycled paper and soy-based inks for their printed materials. Thanks to these and other strategies, the hotel has been recognised by the San Francisco Green Business political program and certified according to Green Seals standard for lodging properties.ConclusionFor a hotel to change its traditional ways of operating and to accept sustainability will take time. Being sustainable is not costly and does not truly have a slow payback rate. A hotel can start its journey in proper green by implementing simple changes, policies and services such as providing your guests with bicycles, walking maps to encourage them to do something that is more environmentally friendly and healthy. Creating an incentive programme to encourage your staff to participate in and improve upon environmentally friendly practices. Replacing a simple incandescent light bulb with a CFL. Coming up with creative ways to reward hotel guests for being green. One great example is Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers offers a free meal to guests who generate 10 watt hours of electricity on the gym bicycle 12. These are only a few examples of what hotels could do, while some steps may be small, none are insignificant.If we can follow the four basic principles (page 4) to achieve sustainability, we can work together to be sustainable. We will all have a better quality of life, we will waste less, we will pollute less and we will create more things we value in society while improving our planets chance of providing us with the very things we need to survive.