Black Death in Europe Essay

European people faced great hardship during the years 1347-1352 suffering from the effects of the Bubonic Plaque. Prior to this epidemic hitting Europe the population of Europe was growing faster than the food supplies could keep up with and economic crisis was beginning to take place. Once the Bubonic Plaque started spreading it took center stage and over population would not be an issue of concern any longer. The Bubonic Plaque, also referred to as the Black Death, was caused by a bacterial infection found mostly in rodents and their fleas. The infected fleas would come into contact with humans and death would occur in less than a week. Humans suffered from high fever, aching limbs, and lymph nodes would swell and turn black. Humans also contributed to the spread of the plaque by non-effected people coming into contact with the body fluids of an effected person. As the plaque spread the people of Europe found themselves shifting from community and family to worrying about survival of the individual. Men who worked with animals contracted the plaque and died. Women that contracted the plaque that survived could no longer carry a child and were abandoned by their husbands. Children found themselves fighting to survive as their parents were taken by the plaque. Families that did have children would abandoned their children who became infected, the plaque would kill children within hours of contraction if not immediately. In attempt to escape the plaque people that lived in the cities often traveled to the country and most often taking the plaque with them only cause more death. Europe lost roughly one third of the population due to the Bubonic Plaque. The economy during this time also saw a great shift from the twenty five million people lost due to the plaque. Feudalism, which was strong before the plaque, weakened as European people realized that they could work and survive on their own. Many of the farm workers died leaving the land in bad shape which meant poor crop return and a declining food supply. The famers and workers that managed to survive the plaque were able to demand more wages from the knights, baron, or king that owned the land they worked. The cows, goats, sheep, and other live stock that were used for food supply were often shared among communities but as people feared for survival these animals were brought inside homes to prevent exposure only causing more death from spread of the plaque and other diseases. Lastly the economy  suffered from lack of trade with other counties. The Bubonic Plaque’s massive death toll left other countries fearful of trading goods adding to the already hard economy. While the Bubonic Plaque did not completely vanish until late in the fifteenth century the effects on life and economy during the peak of contamination was dramatic. In a five year span Europe experienced entire towns and villages being left lifeless from the Bubonic Plaque. The bacterial infection spread without regard to social and economical class, killing both adults and children. Those that did survive the plaque found new opportunities through negotiating and rebelling.

Reflection Paper on Descartes

Joe Niro History 113 Descartes Reflection Paper Descartes was a very intelligent man and was knowledgeable in many subjects. One of which was his understanding of reason. One might ask themselves, â€Å"What is Reason? † According to Descartes, the ability to reason is a human trait that does not differ from person to person. He believed that everyone had the same ability to reason rationally. It is one’s prior opinions, knowledge, and teachings of a subject that causes a difference in our reactions and results. 1 Descartes discussed that in order for him to reason, he would first clear his mind of all past knowledge.He believed that this would rid him of any bias and prior opinions he might have on a matter to better understand and reason. He would base his reason solely on facts provided as evidence. Descartes also did not force his thought on reasoning upon anyone else. He would merely write his own approach in which he would follow to reason. 2 He set four rules to be followed. 3 His first rule was that he would not accept anything to be true unless presented with evidence to support the claim, whatever that claims may be.His second rule was that he would divide the two sides of an argument or claim in as many ways as possible to sufficiently reason. Descartes would then, as his third rule states, view each claim step by step, starting with the easiest thought to comprehend, then progressively and chronologically view more of each claim. His final rule was to not omit anything or any view. Instead he would view everything as plausible and, by following all prior steps, would then be able to reason and make a definite conclusion.The real key statement Descartes was making about reason is that it is of the human’s decision as to what the logical reasoning is for something. It is our own past experiences and views that cause a difference in opinion and reason. In order to view reason as Descartes had, one must open one’s mind to man y possibilities. In comparison to a glass of water; one cannot possibly fill an already full glass, and one can only fill a half full glass so much. To fill said glass, the glass must be empty. Same is to Descartes’ definition of reason. One must first empty their mind in order to understand and reason.Nothing is concrete and all is plausible. This is Descartes’ definition of reason. Hume’s is another philosopher who made a stand on the definition of reason. He saw that there was a distinct different between a â€Å"relation of ideas† and a â€Å"matter of fact. † If viewing with an open mind as Descartes would support, ones’ claims may not be supported with sufficient evidence, but that alone does not disprove that claim, however, is therefore an idea. A matter of fact would be a claim that is supported by sufficient evidence that can support that claim legitimately.

Gender Socialization Interview Essay

The family is the most essential ingredient in the making of a person. How one socializes to the society with regards to his/her gender is directly pointed to the responsibility of the family. The very basic foundation to a person’s character and how they behave with regards to their roles in the society and in family is the responsibility of the people around him/ her in the four corners of their homes where their young minds are being inculcated with such values or behavior that they should follow or they should take responsibility with. Most sociologists believe that the family is the best institution to instill in a child the attitudes and behavior patterns necessary o become a successful adult. Traditionally, parents are responsible for their children’s religious or ethical training and for providing basic knowledge of their society. Ordinarily, this largely means presenting basic concepts to the children at home as soon as they can absorb them, and, when they are old enough, enrolling them in educational institutions and having them participate in recreational, civic, and cultural activities. The family is also important in providing various kinds of social control. Its most important role is the regulation and control of character or behavior of the children. To understand gender socialization in the family I have interviewed Czarina. She is a female and is 15 years old. She is the youngest among her two brothers. Her parents work in a real state company and are sometimes not there to attend their special needs and attention especially if they have programs or activities at school. Czarina is already in high school, as a student she is very diligent and really tries her best to do good to make her family proud of her. She sometimes join extracurricular activities due to some factors like, her brothers as well as her parents would not allow her to go home late at night already. She has a curfew of 7:00 pm and failure to comply that will mean a very strong punishment for her. Czarina grew up in a family where traditional gender roles are being reproduced and also practiced. She grew up in a disciplinarian family but not that very strict. They just want her to be responsible in everything she does. Although her parents are sometimes not there to attend to her needs, her brothers are the ones who do it. She was taught that a lady should know all household chores because someday she will become a mother also and it is very essential for her to know all those things. It was also implanted in her mind that ladies should go home early because it is very dangerous and very indecent for a girl to go home very late at night. On other words, Czarina’s world evolved around home, school and even church. Her family sees to it that they all go to church every Sunday, not missing each service in their church. They were so devoted with their faith, which is why her brothers and parents are very strict with her. It has implanted in her mind that is rightful for a family to stay together even though travails or circumstances are present and are inevitable, every woman should be strong for her family not letting any doubt or fear ruin it. Czarina grew up seeing his brothers do so well at school and in their house. Her brothers are so responsible, caring and loving ones; while her parents are working very hard to provide them with what they want. Her brothers taught her not to easily fall in love, and never rush love until the right man and the right time comes. Her parents who are very loving; even though they’re sometimes busy; they always find time to be with them especially on weekends. Through the years, this was what she saw and experience in her daily life. This has become a part of her life already that she also has learned and practice. At school, she is very well respected and looked up to by her classmates and peers. She is very well disciplined and a dignified young lass. She serves as a role model among the young people in their school, being a consistent academic awardee and a good, behaved young lady. I asked her if she is pressured with what her family and friends is expecting of her, she answered me with a nodd. Yes, indeed she is fearful she might break the trust of her peers and especially her family but she knows deep inside her that all those values that have already been implanted in her being will never wither. It helped her become a better individual, through the upbringing of her parents and of course with the help of her two very understanding and disciplinarian brothers. She never regretted to be a part of her family, but on the other hand she felt lucky because not all are given the opportunity to be a good young woman. She said that the family really plays an important role in molding the behavior and character of a person because just like her, if her family didn’t brought her up that way then she would not be what she is right now.

Representing (Repressed) Homosexuality in the Pre-Stonewall Hollywood Essay

Representing (Repressed) Homosexuality in the Pre-Stonewall Hollywood Homo-Military Film - Essay Example It was thus easy to detect homosexually behavior among the officers. Theories have been put forward trying to explain this phenomenon. Some believed that people who had homosexual tendencies joined the army so that they could repress these feelings however, with the many intimate contacts with the young men they find themselves succumbing to temptations. Others engage in this act out of curiosity and need to experiment new things. There are several films that have been produced that show the existence of homosexuality in the 1950s and 1960s without violating the censorship act. Among them is the gay deceiver, Damn the Defiant, Billy Buddy and the Strange Ones. All these moves contain scenes that imply homosexual actions without actually talking about homosexuality (Sconce, 73). This article analyzes the production history, reception and the social context of these films. The social context Looking back in the social context of the 1960s would help us understand the reception of the g ay related movies. In this age, people perceived homosexuality in a very different light than they do today. There were no gay hubs as the ones that exist in Ney York, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Most homosexuals practiced this lifestyle in secret with the fear of being marked by the society. Homosexuality as a sex identity was seen to be a mental illness and any acts of homosexuality were labeled as crime. Before the passing of the 1967 Sex offense Bill, homosexuality was illegal. Lesbianism was however not considered illegal but people who practiced it were looked down upon by the society. Although the cities would be seen as the refuge of minorities, it was not supportive of the gay community. The often found refuge in gay bar but these ones would also be raided by police patron. The police would also alert the media in case there was such a raid such that people who were caught ended up featuring in the news (Butt, 238). The Stone Wall bar owned by the mafia exploited gay peo ple making money from them. The rural areas were not a better hub for the gay people either. People living here were expected to get married and have children. Many homosexuals were thus pressured into getting married with these marriages having unhappy endings and in some cases leading these men to commit suicide. The issue of homosexuality became a contentious one when Bill Clinton tried to amalgamate the forces. It became evident that the issue of homosexuality had existed for centuries. People were also concerned on the reasons that would make gay men join the military. . It was viewed that the military was a refuge that tried to still the chaos they were going through inside due to repressing their homosexual desires. They would also escape from the pressure of the society that expected them to have heterosexual relationships. The manner in which the military was organized with strict discipline would create a new identity for them as soldiers replacing their old confused ident ity. Psychologist actually said that the gay men joined the force hoping that this experience would cure them considering that homosexuality was then believed to be a mental illness. Intercourse of queer men in the military was a common thing during the World War 2 and even after. Some psychologists were of the view that the prevalence of gays in the military was as a result of the antigay policies. This is because human

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The current project will also explain the sales strategies as well as give an outline of the initial financial projections. With growing impact of globalisation, the role of entrepreneurship has gained higher importance in a country’s economy. Entrepreneurship is no more limited to a particular segment or section of business; in reality, it has spread across all the business areas in an economy. Entrepreneurs are increasingly entering in B2B, B2G (business to government) and B2C (business to consumer) sectors. With growing involvement of entrepreneurs, the competitive level of these sectors has improved substantially, resulting in better services for consumers (Audretsch, Keilbach and Lehmann, 2006). From a buyers’ perspective, a buyer can be of two types: final consumer and those who buy for future sale. In B2B activities, the buyer is not the final consumer. In this sector, commercial transaction takes place between two or more businesses such as, transaction between manufacturer and distributor, distributor and whole seller and distributor and retailers. B2B transactions are comparatively higher in volume than that of B2G and B2C, which is why scope of earning profit in this sector is also greater for entrepreneurs (Bussler, 2003). In present day scenario, hospitality industry is growing at the fastest pace as demand for service sector is outperforming that of manufacturing industry. Service sector not only delivers profitable growth, but also help to develop better-quality strategic positioning of the company (Getz and Petersen, 2005). The paper is about setting up recruitment consultancy for catering to needs of the hospitality industry in London. The term entrepreneur is derived from a French term ‘enteprendere’, which means to undertake. In a broader sense, an entrepreneur is any person who initiates a business or activity, gathers resources related to it, arranges funds for the venture, takes in

The political and economical role of Qatar in the Middle East and the Essay

The political and economical role of Qatar in the Middle East and the Arab world - Essay Example Revamping of the region into a number one country in terms of Gross Domestic product has been ascribed to the oil revenue. Researchers have faced controversies on how they can typify such a small region based on international relations literature and traditional comparative politics. Similarly, Qatar has been identified as a region that is stable due to absence of immediate threats to its political stability and security. Nonetheless, stability is hardly perfect in Qatar. This is exemplified by competition over political powers and internal conflicts in the Al-Thani, the royal family. Forced abdication within the governing families has been identified as the cause of Qatar past leadership transitions of 1949, 1960, and 1995. However, this ruling family has upheld social peace in Qatar for many decades. Several studiers have identified that Qatar has a baffling political stability. Qatar’s branded image has been generated by its diplomatic successes. These include its notable role in hosting major internal events and involvement into peacekeeping programs. As a result, the country has experienced impressive achievements in the economic sector. Economic achievements in this Persian Gulf small peninsula have been contributed by a breathtaking modernization rate of the economic sector. In regards to a survey of the 2008 Qatar per capita income, the annual per capita income was estimated at $ 95, 000 at the current prices. This is ascribed to the abundance of gas and oil in the region. On the other hand, an outdated political system has been another contributing factor. The autocratic state of Qatar has been contributed by consolidation of Shiekh Hamad position within Qatar and the royal family. Silencing of political liberation talks exemplifies this assertion. Comprehension of Qatar’s political dynamics is centered on the religious and tribal structures. This is based on the strong and weak dilemma

Management Report on a case-study Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Report on a - - Case Study Example Table of Contents: Sl. No. Particulars Pg. No. 1 Introduction 4 2 Outline a set of values typical for the organizational culture of a well-established small business 5 3 Current business environment for existing business in homeland and world over 7 4 SWOT analysis of newly proposed solar powered and heating units 8 5 Guidelines and directions for the proposed business plan 11 6 Organizational chart which best suits the diversified organization 13 7 Conclusion 14 8 References 14 Introduction: Wobble & Strait Engineering Ltd. is a well-established small business catering to the needs of rural, forestry and fishery companies. The Company was established in 1946 and was mainly family managed. It currently, employs 21 staff in various cadres, including Stanley the Managing Director, to support the purpose of the business. Candy, his heir is now inclined to get involved in the business matters and understands that there are questions regarding the financial soundness of the business in th e present scenario of rising New Zealand dollar as against the US one. The high dollar value is forcing many forestry and fishery companies to defer their requirements with the result that the demand for the company’s products is getting thinned out day by day. ... 2. Consider a real current business environment for the existing business in the homeland and the world over. 3. Conduct a SWOT analysis of newly proposed solar powered energy and heating units. 4. Propose some guidelines and directions for the proposed business plan and 5. Project an organizational chart which best suits the new diversified organization. Outline a set of values typical for the organizational culture of a well-established small business: For any business to be a going concern, it needs to be economically viable while ensuring that the work standards are quality ensured for guaranteed future prospects. As such, it needs to develop Vision and Mission Statements which can lead it towards the goal orientation of profit maximization. This goal can be achieved only when an encouraging culture is established in the organization. Organizational culture is dependent on the values it professes towards it customers, members, manager to staff and all other related inter-personal associations. Thus, a set of values which are like a bible to the organization have to be assimilated which need to be revisited to ensure that no severe deviations occur in the activity process. W&S, being a semi-service oriented organization, has developed similar values (related attitudes) basing on which, it has developed all these years. A recollection of those values and focusing on newly required areas which were overseen in the previous years is imperative for the company’s success in the future: Having a Pro-active Attitude: The employees of an organization should be enthusiastic and believe in its purpose. They should be confident that the goals of the organization are achievable and whenever there is any slack in the business, the

Discussion Board 7-2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 7-2 - Research Paper Example In order to ensure that the managed care does not conflict with the code of ethics, the health care providers should adopt the systems that encourage the long-standing and effective relationships between the primary care providers and the patients. Quality medical care to the patients should be provided while ethically assuming the population based approach that incorporates the strategies of each individual of medication. In some cases, the counselor may disagree with the managed care on what he or she believes is ethical. One should consult the experts and colleagues outside regarding the issue and ask them to keep the conversation confidential (Theodore & Barbara, 1949). If there is time for consultation, one should send a request to the ACA Ethics Committee for more interpretations of ACA Code of ethics (2005). This is because there is a formal process of sending a request for interpretation and takes a couple of months to get the feedback. It is also ethical to schedule an appointment with the supervisor to discuss any arising unethical issue while working with the managed care. This is where one gets the chance to explain where the code of ethics are violated and ask to be directed to what is considered unethical manner. If the patient feels the operation in the patient would be his or her best interests, and then the health maintenance organization gives their determination that, another form of treatment that is less expensive, I find it ethical to follow the organization’s

American Conflicts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

American Conflicts - Research Paper Example The Revolution was seen as a war of independence. There are several stages in a revolution. One stage is that â€Å"the various fibers are knit together† and you have to stretch some parts while loosening the other parts. There can several analogies of a revolution. But one thing is certain, there has to be changed. Revolution is changing, and the change can be in the system, in the method and the ways of ruling. The social consequences of a revolution are not the result of the wishes and plans of those who started the revolution but by the desires of those who are in control. The American Revolution was started by only a few compared to the population at that time. It was started by a numerical minority, â€Å"just like the Viet Cong†, although by the end of the revolution, the majority of the colonists may have supported the struggle against Great Britain. The war between the Patriots and Tories resembled like the Vietnam-Vietcong conflict. The Americans sought foreig n aid instead of foreign alliance. John Adams warned that alliances would entrap America in future European wars.   For instance, the French did not want a second American invasion of Canada, and the French did not want the new United States full control of the North American continent because they had the fishing rights in the Mississippi.Wars mar the history of a nation (Morris, 1969, p. 350). The Civil War in America’s history, which marked its 150th year in 2011, tested the American spirit.

Franchisees are an important source of innovation Article

Franchisees are an important source of innovation - Article Example Next, it contemplates on how innovation has become a complex question and tries to explain it through the various models of innovation. Lastly, the various sources through which a franchising organization can practice innovation have been discussed. The franchising organization is one in which the franchisee has purchased the rights to use the business methods, ideas and values that the franchisor has built for his company, organization, product or shop. It is like a person sells his business philosophy to another. The franchisee usually opens up the franchise in some other geographical location than the one where the original brand exists. This actually lays the foundation for the franchisee to use innovation within the franchise. When the franchise will be in a different geographical location, the customers who will be coming to that franchise will be totally different, culture-wise, social-wise, and behavioural-wise. Thus, to bring changes within the franchise system would become easy. Examples of franchises are McDonalds (the food industry), Benetton (the clothing industry), the Starbucks (the food industry), television shows like Pop Idol, Who Wants to be a Millionaire (the media industry), Body Shop (the cosmetics industry), Onebiz Group (consultancy franchisee) and others. Therefore, be it be any industry, the franchising option is available to all and sundry. This is because franchising is a form of business beneficial to both the franchisee and the franchisor. The franchisee-franchisor relationship is complex, yet it is made up of basic components. Some of the basics of the brands of the franchisor need to be the same, so as to not eliminate the essence of the original brand. The various rights that the franchisee gets are that he can distribute the products of the franchisor, use the same techniques which they use to produce the products or market them. Moreover, even trademarks and patents are shared, since the franchisee becomes a representative of the franchisors product in some other geographical region. But when it comes to the invaluable intangible goods like trademarks and patents, the franchisee has to pay a certain amount of monthly fees for using them. This fee is separate from the fees that has to be paid for such rights in the first place. (Cox, 2007) Training is also one of the major things which the franchisor makes available to the franchisee as part of the rights that he gets. The franchisee-franchisor agreements will co ntinue for minimum five years and maximum thirty years, after which the agreement will have to be renewed, if felt suitable by both the parties. In cases where the franchisee does misuse of the rights granted to him by the franchisor, the agreement has such clauses through which it can be easily terminated, for the benefit of the franchisor. INNOVATION In a world of intense competition, where companies are going global and where numerous companies are making strenuous efforts to get the attention of the consumer, it is immensely important to differentiate oneself from the rest so as to become noticeable. Consumers are the one who decide the brand or the company which is the market leader. It is the sales of the product which will ultimately make a product gain market share and then declare itself as the market leader, chosen by the customers themselves. For this purpose, it is extremely essential to get inside the minds of the consumer so as to

Economic naturalist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic naturalist - Essay Example This is the reason for what the movies visualized in past were on the specific stream, heroism was the most popular theme. With the passage of time, after revolutionary measures were taken in Hollywood arena, the scenario was turned towards new altitudes. History observed that the demand of female models was being increased, might be it was deliberately. But now it is uncontrollable. The concept of feminism has been popularized enough that even an advertisement of cigarette is found incomplete without a female model. The most tax paying celebrities in advertisement industry are of course none others but female models. The economic perspective which supports this practical phenomenon and being provisioned by the experts is demand and supply combination. It is probably due to high demand of female models in Hollywood as compared to male category of models. However it slightly differs in case of acting and modeling. In modeling, this is most important that a leading female model should be in the package. It is for image management. The demand of leading and successful female models is high whereas the male models are lesser in number but the ones who are in the fields; no doubt they are leading and money takers. But the overall budget and per cast rate is found higher in female models category. The revenue and success rate of the advertisements in which women models have performed is high and are having decidedly cited records. People have favorites in commercials where they find a female model performing for some brand. The influencing rate is more. It is recognized that the brands which are endorsed by leading female models get raise earlier even the standard is not that much extraordinary. Another very important factor in high cost female models is that they have to spend more money on their personal maintenance. They are required to wear expensive clothes, jewelry and other accessories in order to retain their persona. This

The Impact of Web 3.0 on Marketing Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Web 3.0 on Marketing Essay The future of the Internet is in Web 3.0, known as the Semantic Web. Feigenbaum, Herman, Hongsermeier, Neumann and Stephens (2007) summarised the concept as â€Å"a highly interconnected network of data that could be easily accessed and understood by any desktop or handheld machine†. The authors, referring to a 2001 article by Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila about their vision on Web 3.0, also said Berners-Lee et al: painted a future of intelligent software agents that would head out on the World Wide Web and automatically book flights and hotels for our trips, update our medical records and give us a single, customized answer to a particular question without our having to search for information or pore through results. This means online sites and databases already contain information about individuals’ culture, travel, health and education. In Web 3.0, individuals’ habits and preferences are known. The technology of Web 3.0 is ‘smart’ in using the data to drill down key choices to individuals, thereby saving Web 3.0 users time and effort in searching for information and in making decisions. Web 3.0 is however not a product separate from its previous ‘incarnations’. Instead, it is an extension or an enhancement of the current Web. The World Wide Web Consortium has already released Semantic Web technologies and languages for the different sites and databases to ‘talk’ and generate results in a unified manner for Web users. In contrast, Web 1.0 was just about linking Web pages with hyperlinks. Web 2.0 is where we are now—the consumer and producer of information are increasingly the same person, sharing views and new ideas with fellow netizens (sometimes anonymously). Web 3.0 is the â€Å"convergence of new technologies and rapidly changing consumer buying trends†, having overcome some of Web 2.0’s limiting factors such as presenting the audience with too much information, which Tasner (2010) argues, distracts us. Advertising has accordingly evolved from placements in newspapers, magazines, radio, signs and from the 1930s, on television. When the Internet came to wide use in industrialised societies in the mid-1990s, marketers advertised online through banners or interstitials (among others) and refined their search engine optimisation so the brands’ Web links appear at the top of search results. Functions of Web 3.0 Although Web 3.0 is not widely utilized, the technology is already in use (Ohler, 2010). Smith (2009) speaks of Web 3.0 as sophisticated, intelligent software that can learn, understand and make decisions. For example, Web 3.0 can trace online materials, analyze the popularity of content and draw conclusions. It will filter and refine the users’ online searches. This idea is also echoed by Reh (2011), who says Web 3.0 will be able to extract feedback on products, services or organizations that have been posted on blogs and online forums, for example. Organizations can then develop Web pages specifically aligned with their customers’ needs (Reh, 2011). This saves time and cost for the organization. The norm is that an organization would track online traffic by the number or pattern of clicks on its website and get feedback from surveys in order to predict what its customers want. Web 3.0 will empower marketers by allowing them to target products and create specific marketing messages for particular customers more intuitively. Advertising might turn out to be less effective and marketers will need to rely on their merits and not on what they claim (Smith, 2009). In an article by Baumann (2009), Nova Spivack, founder and CEO of Radar Networks views Web 3.0 as an upgrade of Web infrastructure. He says the focus will be on the back-end of the Web, where final processing of the data occurs. An upgrade of the databases and data stores will increase efficiency and make searches faster. Time-consuming tasks such as searching and compiling currently done by netizens will eventually be taken over by computers in the future. Web 3.0 applications will have the capacity to run on any device, be it a computer or the mobile phone. These applications will be speedy and customizable (Cho, 2008). Theoretical framework For the purpose of this research paper, we will be adopting the Co-creation method as the theoretical framework. According to Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2004), it is the process whereby consumers take an active role and co-create value together with the company. With the impending rise of Web 3.0, the framework has provided companies with unique and inventive opportunities to capitalise on consumers’ innovative potential. This has resulted in various approaches to collaborate with consumers during the entire value chain. Most often co-creation occurs during the innovation process, referring to joint product development activities such as generating and evaluating new product ideas; elaborating, evaluating, or challenging product concepts; and creating virtual prototypes (Fueller, Matzler, Stieger, Kohler, 2011). Cost-efficient and multimedia-rich interaction opportunities offered by the Internet and the existence of online communities have made virtual co-creation a suitable means of creating value and improving the overall success of new products. Information technology enables new forms of producer-consumer collaboration in new product development processes (Fuller, Muhlbacher, Matzler, Jawecki, 2009). With Web 3.0, social interaction drives business operations (Laurent, 2010). We infer that marketers will take advantage of this because a Web 3.0 browser would have learned a customer’s likes and dislikes. The more interaction a user has with the Internet, the more the browser would learn about him/her to predict future behaviours and consumption patterns, putting the user in touch with people who share his/her interests and aspirations (Kumar, 2009). Consumer co-creation, in which consumers participate creatively in the production of content and innovation of services, has arisen because of consumers’ greater access to the â€Å"means of production† through information and communication technologies (Lundvall and Johnson, 1994). It aligns to the shift from producer-centric to consumer-centric innovation. Consumers are not just engaging in production, but also in dynamic production, or innovation (Potts, 2008). This is facilitated by the same forces that are increasingly delivering productive capabilities into the hands of consumers, and is occurring with ever higher quality, at ever lower costs, and on an ever increasing global market into which particular consumer specializations can find a â€Å"producer† niche (Potts, 2008). According to Fuller (2004), consumers are considered a valuable source of innovation. Researchers as well as consultants claim to virtually engage consumers in co-creation activities s uch as generating, designing, refining and testing ideas and new product concepts. They do this in order to develop new products and services that better meet consumers’ wants and needs and to decrease the high failure rates of new product introductions, especially prevalent in the consumer goods sectors. The novelty of virtual co-creation compared to conventional customer integration is that consumers are not only asked about their opinions, desires, and needs, but also are asked to contribute their creativity and problem-solving skills. Consumers therefore take on the role of co-creators (Fuller, 2010). In this paper, we will apply the co-creation framework to address the following research questions: †¢ How will marketers now skew their marketing strategy to maximise on Web 3.0? †¢ Will online marketing efforts move towards targeting social networking sites only? †¢ Will online marketing efforts now be shaped by customers? †¢ What is the impact of privacy issues on marketing efforts? We infer that as the opportunity arises to innovate, along with further development of social networking characteristics of Web 3.0, online marketers will have to look to consumers’ insights when it comes to shaping their online business models. As set out above, it is an inc entive for consumers to have a say in how they experience their shopping online. Marketing strategies on Web 3.0 With Web 3.0, social interaction drives business operations (Laurent, 2010). We infer that marketers will take advantage of this because a Web 3.0 browser would have learned a customer’s likes and dislikes. The more interaction a user has with the Internet, the more the browser would learn about him/her to predict future behaviors and consumption patterns, putting the user in touch with people who share his/her interests and aspirations (Kumar, 2009). Mobile technology, too, will advance with Web 3.0 where advertising will explode, as Web-based advertising allows for rich, engaging ads (Kurtyka, 2007). Zoetrope is one of the early users of Web 3.0 technology. Using the Zoetrope interface, a user could compare historical changes of various data through time by comparing snapshots of different pages on the Web. Analyzing different and changing elements on Web pages over a period of time is downright difficult today, if not impossible. But Zoetrope makes it happen. The headlines of, say, today’s Straits Times homepage will be gone tomorrow, and yesterday’s price for a pair of jeans on ASOS is likely irretrievable today. This means that marketers can now see the key words trend or correlate the relationship between products, consumer needs and brand names over a period of time. By using this technology, they can now provide better information to searchers overall. By using snapshots of their competitors’ link profiles over time, marketers will able to find out whether their competitors are out-linking them. U.S. retailer Best Buy is using a Semantic Web markup language called RDFa to increase the visibility of its products and services online. With data such as store name, address, store hours and geographical data being marked up using RDFa, search engines can identify each data component more easily and put them into context. The use of semantic technology led to increased traffic and better service to its customers (MacManus, 2010). Meanwhile, marketers will face the challenge of having to be more creative in their strategies (Cobe, 2007). They would need to constantly update themselves abo ut their customers’ preferences and develop their software for user interface feasibility, functions and so on, to keep up with customer’s spending needs (Smith, 2009). Research using Web 3.0 may take the shape of working with consumers to build a co-managed interactive feedback/preemptive mechanism. The essential 4P’s of marketing — product, price, placement and promotion — will be affected by linked data. Linked data come about when information is marked up in standardized, highly structured formats such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), allowing computers to better understand the meaning of content, rather than simply matching on strings of text (Byrne and Goddard, 2010). So the real power of the Semantic Web, as Byrne and Goddard note, lies in the ability of â€Å"intelligent† search engines to disambiguate terms (Apple the computer vs. apple the fruit, for example), to understand the relationships between different entities, and to bring that information together in new ways to answer queries. How then will marketers skew their marketing strategy to maximise Web 3.0? Marketers love data and they will use these â€Å"free† data to do market research, Web analytics and customer relationship management records. As marketers, they will b e able to use this data to advance market research and product development. With the Semantic Web, they can easily make correlations and connections between the audience and the brand far more deeply than before. This in turn will empower marketers to be more targeted in messaging, more efficient in reaching their customers and more relatable as brands. Besides providing more meaningful information for consumers, marketers will gain from enhancing search engine optimization as well. With the consumers’ online search patterns on hand, marketers can add search-engine-friendly structured data to their websites, resulting a more relevant search, hence generating a better listing, more clicks and more traffic. At the same time, word-of-mouth sharing, syndication of Web content to other online sites, feedback and social groups will have a role in spreading memes. The newest innovation by Facebook, called Open Graph, is a good example. Facebook users will be able to instantly share activities with their friends through applications without being required to grant the apps permission each time. As a result, Facebook users will be sharing more data with friends, Facebook, and marketing companie s than ever before. The goal is to send everything a user does, everywhere on the Web, to Facebook. Guess (2011) notes that Open Graph allows the Web to evolve into the Semantic Web, where experiences are personalised and needs anticipated based on user data. Users are highly likely to love this they will be seeing what they prefer . Engagement with customers is high and they will more likely to be interacting with product brands. With this, marketers will need a tool that can measure the sentiment of an article or comment, who it came from and who it was directed to. It will also be good to measure the connections between community members and between people and concepts. By looking at both trending and popular dialogue, marketers can tell if their brands have sparked robust exchange online. While Web 3.0 offers all the gears for marketers to become better at their game and to measure the effectiveness of campaigns more completely, it also makes marketers less relevant. The content is crucial but the message or is no longer being told alone by marketers. It is in the social graphs and others’ perception of the brands’ ranking in importance through linked data. For survival, marketers must embrace collaboration and innovation, be transparent and continue to harvest content of value. Moving towards social networking Web 3.0 represents a shift in how people interact with the Web and vice versa. Standards are continually being created to make Web-based data and information smarter. Mobile devices are becoming more powerful and versatile, making almost any kind of Internet activity available on the go. Immersive and virtual environments are becoming richer, more complex, and as applications become smarter, the Internet experience will become more immersive (Green, 2011). According to Manas (2009), social media are no longer reserved for teenagers discussing the latest fads — they have become a tool that will either help or harm a business, depending on how they are utilised. Manas reasons that businesses should take advantage of Web 3.0, as rather than just responding to queries, a search engine will try to understand a consumer’s nature, social footprint and sentiments, before it gives a response. While scouring the Net for people, places, and things and determining the relationships between them, new search engine technology can understand the feelings associated with them, positive or negative. However, he advised businesses to be discerning about which platforms to use as there are more than 100 social media platforms, each with its own flavour — some users like Facebook, others like Bebo, and another group is more into MySpace. Customer integration can be much more than merely access to the right information. It can be defined as a form of value creation where the consumers take part in activities and processes which used to be seen as the domain of the companies (Wikstrom, 1996). The customer becomes a ‘co-producer’ and from a producer perspective, the customer is seen as tasks in a production system (Ramirez, 1999). In a case study of Nike made by Ramaswamy (2008), the article discussed how to co-create value through customers experiences in the context of the innovation and marketing processes of Nike. It provided details on Nikes social networking site, Joga.com, where individuals can upload videos of their soccer skills and the network community can judge a monthly winner. Other marketing initiatives of the company include street soccer competition sponsorships, a website where professional soccer players can interact with fans and conventional Internet marketing program sponsorships (Ramaswamy, 2008).

History Of Birla Sun Life Insurance Commerce Essay

History Of Birla Sun Life Insurance Commerce Essay Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited (BSLI) is a joint venture between the Aditya Birla Group and Sun Life Financial Inc., a leading international financial services organization. The local knowledge of the Aditya Birla Group combined with the expertise of Sun Life Financial Inc., offers a formidable value proposition to customers. Sun Life Financial and its partners today have operations in key markets worldwide, including India, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, China and Bermuda. It was the first player in the industry to sell its policies through the Bank assurance route and through the internet. It was also the first private Sector player to introduce a pure term plan in the Indian market. This was supported by sales practices, which brought a degree of transparency that was entirely new to the market. Aditya Birla Group and currently in charge of BSLI expressed, The Birla Sun Life Insurance business distribution network is national in nature covering more than 1000 points across the country .We have made our entry in several tier I and tier II towns. It is therefore very important for the brand to connect at the grass root level and create trust. They believe that our association with Kapil Dev as our brand ambassador will help us create this connects in a shorter period of time. We therefore now have two strong connects our parent brand Birla and our brand On 26 November 2006, Birla Sun Life hosted the annual golf tournament at the Chembur Golf Club in Mumbai where Kapil Dev participated. About the Aditya Birla Group The Aditya Birla Group has a turnover close to Rs.38, 000 crore (as on 31 March 2008) and is one of the largest business houses in India. It enjoys a leadership position in all the sectors in which it operates. With over 75 business units spanning the South East Asian belt, Africa, Canada and the UK among others, it is reckoned as Indias first multinational corporation. The group is anchored by 72,000 employees and has seven lakh shareholders, with a market capitalization of Rs.53, 400 crore. Introduction- When ever there is uncertainty there is risk. We do not have any control over uncertainties which involves financial losses. The risk may certain events like death pension retirement or uncertain events like theft, fire accident, etc. Birla sun life Insurance is financial services for collecting the savings of public and providing them with risk coverage The main function of Birla sun life insurance is to provide the protection against the possible chance generating losses. It eliminates the worries and miseries of losses by destruction of property and death. It also provided the capital to society as the fund accumulated to be invested in productive heads. OBJECTIVES à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To determine and analyze the Market Potential of the Birla Sun Life Insurance Company. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To determine whether the customers are satisfied with the policies of the company. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To know the customer awareness regarding the Birla-sun life insurance and its products. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To study and determine the competitor position in the market. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To know the future plans of the people for buying the policies. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢Proper understanding and analysis of life insurance industry. VISION To be a world-class of financial security to individuals and corporate and to be amongst the top three private sectors life insurance companies in India. MISSION To be the first preference of our customers by providing innovative need based life insurance and retirement solutions to individual as well as corporate. Well -trained professionals through a multi channel distribution network and superior technology will make these solutions available. Our endeavor will be to provide constant value addition to customers throughout their relationship with us, within the regulatory framework. We will provide career development opportunities to our employees and the highest possible returns to our shareholders Problems in the organization, It is clear that BIRLA SUN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY is a unit- linked insurance, which is basically involved in the life insurance solutions. There are number of problem which are as follows- 1) The main problem of the organization is that the it is not government organization like a life insurance solutions. 2) The second main problem is that lack of believes on the organization by the people. 3) The third problem assigned by the organization that there are the few branches of the BRILA SUN LIFE INSURANCE SOLUTION. 4) Another problem is that the lack of good quality, good skill insurance advisors. Competitors:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Life insurance corporation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Max network life insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢MetLife insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Aviva life insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Bharathi Axa life insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Bajaj Allianz life insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tata AIG life insurance ICICI Prudential Life Insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Reliance life insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Kotak Mahindra life insurance MARKETING MIX- PRODUCTS- Life is unpredictable. But in face of adversity, our responsibilities towards our parents, children and loved ones need not be compromised. Insurance planning equips you to smooth out the uncertainties and adversities that life might send your way, so that the best that life has to offer, secure in the knowledge that your beloved ones are well provided for. BSLI offers a complete range of insurance products 1. Protection Plans 2. Savings Plans 3. Child Plans 4. Investment Plans 5. Retirement Plans 6. Group Plans 7. Rural Plans PRICING POLICY OF THE COMPANY: KEEP TRACK OF YOUR POLICY FUND : Birla sun life insurance sends you an annual policy statement on every policy anniversary to keep you completely informed on the performance of our various funds based on the unit price will be available on our website ELECTRONIC CLEARING SERVICE (ECS) : The ECS is a convenient and hassle- free method of paying premiums through an electronic debit to your bank account. INVESTMENT FUND PORTFOLIO : Upper limit of %asset in protector builder enhancer Government and government approved 85% 70% 55% Securities Rated corporate bonds (AA 30% 30% 30% and above) Money market and other 20% 20% 20% Liquid assets Infrastructure sectors as 25% 25% 25% defined by the IRDA Listed equities 10% 20% 35% FEES AND CHARGES : The policy loading fee* is an up-front charge and varies as per the premium payment mode and the policy year as given under Policy year Single 5-pay 10-pay 15-pay or greater 1 3% 29.9% 54.6% 65% 2 N/A 5.0% 7.5% 7.5% 3 N/A 5.0% 7.5% 7.5% 4+ N/A 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% As a percentage of premium. The policy-loading fee for top up wills 2.0 percent. Charges- . Charges towards the cost of insurance will be deducted by cancellation of units at the prevailing unit price on a monthly basis. The annual insurance charges per thousand-face amount for sample ages for healthy lives are as follows: Sex/age (yrs) 20 30 40 50 60 Female 0.90 1.16 1.66 4.03 10.66 Male 1.02 1.17 2.15 5.53 13.73 An investment management frees not exceeding 1.5% p.a. of the fund will be charged by adjustment of daily unit prices. Currently this fee is 1% p.a. The following administration fees will be deducted by canceling units on a monthly basis. (a) Rs. 22 per month (b) An annual charge of Rs. 2.88 per thousand face amount will be deducted in the first 10 years of the policy expect in the second year where it will be Rs. 15.24 per thousand face amount. From the 11the year onwards this annual charge will increase subject to a maximum of 3.75%per year. A monthly rider deduction will apply by cancellation of units on a monthly basis based on the equivalent monthly rider premium payable over the entire coverage benefit period. If rider deductions are not guaranteed, then the minimum policy values of your policy might be affected due to any change in the rates of the rider coverage. FUND SWITICHING CHARGES In a year, one switch between investment fund options is free. For every additional switch, a charge of Rs.100 will be levied. Promotions Birla sun life promotes the sales through the marketing communications activities like personal selling, advertising, or publicity. The object of sales promotions is to induce the desired result from potential customers, trade intermediaries or the sales people. The Birla sun life provides- Training to employees More incentives to customers, gifts, rebates, direct mail, E-marketing and maintain public relations. PLACE Where the agents of Birla sun life insurance is meet to customers and providing the knowledge related services like premium, interest, etc. SERVICES MARKETING ENVIRONMENT- POLITICAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT- The services of Birla sun life is more closely regulated than goods like taxes, restrictions on promotions, price discriminations etc. Economic environment- Changing the life style, consumer needs, and advancements of technologies also affected the Birla sun life insurance because after changing the new technology the lot of accidents and deaths has adverse affect of insurance. Due to globalizations the lot of competitors in market so it is very difficult to attract the new customer and gaining the profits. Socio-culture environment- Due to change the income and higher education change the mind of consumers then increases the investments in insurance sectors so the private players like Birla sun life insurance growth is very high comparatively previous years. Technology environment- Due to change the technology the Birla sun life insurance pattern is also change like insurance of profit and loss account insurance of new machinery etc. , Blue print of Birla sun life  Physically visits customers-water coolerwashing room Explain policy in detailwait for response registers to customers with insurance companycheck the premium paymentsChecks and verifies the portal addresses Quality concern- Hire the right people Develop the people through services quality. Provided the needed support to customer Retain the best employee The quality of customer servicing, responsiveness, a personal touch, making him feel special are some of the factors that will have a bearing on the relationship with the customer and a happy customer helps open more doors. Good offerings that meet the customer needs, good advice followed by good service will enhance the business Integrated marketing communication- 1. Advertising: The tool can get your messages to large audiences efficiently through such avenues as radio, TV, Magazines, Newspapers (ROP), Internet, Billboards and other mobile technological communication devices. This method can efficiently reach a large number of consumers, although the costs may be somewhat expensive. 2. Sales Promotion: This tool is used through coupons, contests, samples, premiums, demonstrations, displays or incentives. It is used to accelerate short-term sales, by building brand awareness and encouraging repeat buying. 3. Public Relations: This integrated marketing communications tool is initiated through public appearances, news/press releases or event sponsorships, to build trust and goodwill by presenting the product, company or person in a positive light. 4. Direct Marketing: The BIRLA SUN LIFE has direct marketing through email, mail, catalogs, encourage direct responses to radio and TV, in order to reach targeted audiences to increase sales and test new products and alternate marketing tactics. 5. Personal Selling: Setting sales appointments and meetings, home parties, making presentations and any type of one-to-one communication, to reach the customers and strengthen relationship with Birla sun life, Employee role in service delivery Listen to customers Obtain customer feedback Provide excellence services to customers Getting closer to customer Customer role in services delivery Without the contact of customers the services could not deliver so the customer is very important role for services delivery he physical presences and participation is required of customers .The customer as productive resource; The customer as contributor to quality, satisfaction and value; and The customer as competitor to the service organization Word of mouth advertising. A happy and satisfied customer is much more likely to send more customers your way Managining waiting lines- When the demand exceeds the supply then the Birla sun life has managing the waiting lines through different ways- How long do your customers expect to wait? Set operational objectives based on what is acceptable. This is especially important when the waiting time will be longer than normal. Tell them why the waiting time is longer than normal and what you are doing to alleviate the queue f a group of customers needs something that can be done very quickly, give them a special line so they do not have to wait for the slower customers Inform customers of times when they usually would not have to wait; also tell them when the peak periods are-this may help to smooth the load Develop plans for alternative ways to serve your customers. Where appropriate, develop plans for automating or speeding up the process in some manner. This is not o say you want to eliminate personal attention; some customers expect this. Expectation of the consumers Hence old as well as new insurers will have to offer innovative products to the consumers. The consumers are particularly expecting good pension plans, health insurance, and term insurance and investment products like unit-linked insurance, from the life insurers. Similarly the consumers expect innovative products from the general insurers for managing healthcare, property insurance, accident insurance and other products related to the personal line of insurance Increase exposure through media (TV, Radio and Internet). In this case, the traditional model is more generic and there is a need to reinvent the messages based on target groups to achieve the business Delivering Service through Intermediaries An insurance intermediary is a person or a company that helps you in buying insurance. Insurance agents, insurance brokers and financial advisers are insurance intermediaries. On the other hand, a intermediary is someone who solicits tactful business or invites potential customers to enter into tactful contracts with operators. They are also known as tactful agents and tactful brokers Reason of delivering services through intermediaries of Birla sun life. Exhibit good knowledge of the products and services offered by the insurance company or tactful operator. (In addition, insurance brokers and financial advisers are expected to exhibit good knowledge of products available in the market). Make an effort to understand your insurance or tactful needs and assist you in the choice of insurance or tactful products and services. Explain to you clearly the nature of information required in the proposal form and also the importance of disclosing material facts. Explain clearly the main terms and conditions of the proposed insurance contract or tactful plan so as to help you understand what you are buying. Draw attention to any restrictions and exclusions applicable under the proposed insurance contract or tactful plan. Follow up and provides continuous service to you, such as renewal of policy and provide updates on relevant new products. Provide assistance when you are making claims against the insurance company or tactful operator. It Protect your interests and rights:    Deal only with registered/licensed intermediaries. Deal with intermediaries with proven track record or those with good referral from friends and relatives. Be truthful about yourself and declare material facts. Never be persuaded to sign on blank forms or anything you dont understand. Never be persuaded to lapse an existing policy to buy a new life policy. Ensure that you understand the products you are buying. Read the policy benefits and terms carefully, and compare them with other similar products. Shop around to get value for money. Buy only what you need and what you can afford. Ask for sales materials, for example the sales illustrations, product pamphlets or customer fact find form (for life products only), and keep these documents safely. When in doubt, always ask for more information from the intermediaries or seek clarification from the insurance company or tactful operator that offers the insurance or tactful products. Ask for a receipt as the proof of premium payment and keep it safely. Services Recovery strategies must contain: objective measurable criteria for delisting the species site-specific actions Estimates of the time and cost for implementing the recovery plan. Under stand there relationship between customer expectation and services recovery actions Understand the services recovery paradox Known the elements of an effective services recovery strategy manage the services failure effectively Factor influences the customer the customer response to services recovery Design a services recovery strategy LIMITATIONS OF INSURANCE Lack of awareness among the people This is the biggest limitation found in this sector. Most of the people are not aware about the importance and the necessity of the insurance in their life. They are not aware how useful life insurance can be for their family members if something happens to them. Perception of the people towards Insurance sector People still consider insurance just as a Tax saving device. So today also there is always a rush to buy an Insurance Policy only at the end of the financial year like January, February and March making the other 9 months dry for this business. Insurance does not give good returns Still today people think that Insurance does not give good returns. They are not aware of the modern Unit Linked Insurance Plans which are offered by most of the Private sector players. They are still under the perception that if they take Insurance they will get only 5-6% returns which is not true now days. Nowadays most of the modern Unit Linked Insurance Plans gives returns which are many times more than that of bank Fixed deposits, National saving certificate, Post office deposits and Public provident fund. Lack of awareness about the earning opportunity in the Insurance sector People still today are not aware about the earning opportunity that the Insurance sector gives. After the privatization of the insurance sector many private giants have entered the insurance sector. These private companies in order to beat the competition and to increase their Insurance Advisors to increase their reach to the customers are giving very high commission rates but people are not aware of that. Increased competition Today the competition in the Insurance sector has become very stiff. Today each and every company is trying to increase their Insurance Advisors so that they can increase their reach in the market. This situation has created a scenario in which to recruit Birla sun life insurance Advisors and to sell life Insurance Policy has became very- very difficult. FINDINGS à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢To be successful in marketing of insurance products, the entire business scenario has to be taken into account. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢During the study to be found that majority of people are aware of life insurance sector. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢During the survey it was observed that major source of information for consumer are television and newspaper and least preference are given to magazines, agents and friends. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢Attractive schemes and brand image are the most important factor that influences the buying behavior of the consumers. Majority of respondents will shift to any other insurance company. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢People are not satisfied with the opted insurance. It was found that the reason for the dissatisfaction of consumer is high premium, delay in claim settlement and poor after sale service. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢So to achieve a greater insurance penetration, insurance sector companies have to create a more vibrant and competitive industry, with greater efficiency, choice of products and value for customers. SUGGESTIONS ) Information regarding new product should be provided to the customers. 2) The company should find out the no. of people who are not having any of the insurance plans through an intensive market research and motivate them to get insured. 3) At some level Company should provide information to the customers about the charges of the policy. 4) Company should target each and every class of the society. 5) Charges should be low of the policies . 6) Annual premium should be reasonable.7) BSLI Company should work in systematic way. RECOMMENDATIONS 1) Even though most of the policy holders are satisfied with policies, plans they have but some new attractive insurance plans should be introduce to bind them not to switch over to other companies insurance plans. 2) The company should find out the no. of people who are not having any of the insurance plans through an intensive market research and motivate them to get insured. 3) Leveraging technology to service customers quickly, efficiently and conveniently. 4) Developing and implementing superior risk management and investment strategies to offer sustainable and stable returns to our policyholders. 5) Company should target each and every class of the society 6) Company should provide full information to the customers before targeting so they can take interest. CONCLUSION The market potential for private insurance companies is found to be greater in the long run as most of the Indians are of the opinion that, private insurance companies would be able to perform well in the future. The private and foreign insurance companies have to take immediate steps in appointing more number of agents and/or advisors in addition to the employees as it has been found out that agents are the best channel to reach the general public regarding selling of insurance products. The private and foreign insurance companies have to concentrate on the factors like Prevention of Loss, Assured Returns and Long term Investment. They can also focus on an insurance amount of Rs. 1 2 lakhs with money back policies. Hence, the market has potential. The private and foreign insurance companies that are taking immediate steps can tap it easily rapidly

Introduction And Company Profile Of Nestle Marketing Essay

Introduction And Company Profile Of Nestle Marketing Essay Nestles start date back to 1866, when two split Swiss enterprise were found that would later form the core of Nestle. In the subsequent decades, the two challenging enterprise forcefully delayed their businesses throughout Europe and the United States. Nestle was formed in 1905 by the merger of the  Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, established in 1866 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, and  Farine Lactee Henri Nestle, founded in 1866 by  Henri Nestle. The company grows significantly during the First World War and again following the Second World War, expanding its contributions outside its early reduced milk and child formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, including  Crosse Blackwell  in 1950,  Findus  in 1963,  Libbys  in 1971,  Rowntree Mackintosh  in 1988 and  Gerber  in 2007. Nestles products include  baby food,  bottled water,  breakfast cereals, coffee, confectionery,  dairy products,  ice cream,  pet foods  and snacks. 29 of Nestles brands have annual sales of over 1 billion Swiss francs (about $ 1.1 billion), including Nespresso,  Nescafe,  KitKat,  Smarties,  Nesquik,  Stouffers,  Vittel, and  Maggi. Nestle has around 450 factories, operates in 86 countries, and employs around 328,000 people. It is one of the main shareholders of  LOreal, the worlds largest  cosmetics company. Nestle has a primary listing on the  SIX Swiss Exchange  and is a element of the Swiss Market Index. It has a secondary listing on  Euronext. In 2011, Nestle was listed No. 1 in the  Fortune Global 500  as the worlds most gainful business with a market capitalization of $ 200 billion, Nestle ranked No. 13 in the  FT Global 2011. . As nutrition, health and wellness company, Nestle, is committed to the improvement of value of life by helping community in which it operates to meet basic and necessary human needs. The competitors are glaxosmith con, Britannia, rei agro, kwality dairy, lakshmi energy, heritage foods etc. Over the years Nestle has used its resources, skills and technology to help find solutions to the many socio-economic challenges facing communities. Many of the communities are confront by challenges such as poor cleanliness, lack of clean water, poverty, diseases, underfeeding, food security and many others. Mission: Positively influence the social environment in which we operate as responsible corporate citizens, with due regard for those environmental standards and societal aspirations which improve quality of life.   Vision: To be a leading, competitive, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company delivering improved shareholder value by being a preferred corporate citizen, preferred employer, preferred supplier selling preferred products. Company profile: Nestle India Ltd, one the biggest players in FMCG segment, has a existence in milk nutrition, beverages, prepared dishes cooking aids chocolate confectionery segments. The company is unavailable in the food business. The food business incorporate product groups, such as milk products and nutrition, beverages, prepared dishes and cooking aids, chocolates and confectionery. Nestle India manufactures products under brand names, such as Nescafe, Maggi, Milky bar, Milo, Kit Kat, Bar-One, Milkmaid and Nestea. The company has also introduced products of daily utilization and use, such as Nestle Milk, Nestle Slim Milk, Nestle Fresh n Natural Dahl and Nestle Jeera Raita. The companys brands include milk products and nutrition, prepared dishes and cooking aids, beverages, and chocolates and confectionery. Their milk products and nutrition includes Nestle Everyday Dairy Whitener, Nestle Everyday Ghee, Nestle Milk, Nestle Slim Milk and Nestle Dahl. Beverages Include Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Sunrise Premium, Nescafe Sunrise Special and Nescafe Cappuccino. Nestle India is a secondary of Nestle S.A. The company has attendance across India with 7 manufacturing facilities and four branch offices extend across the region. The four branch offices in the country help facilitate the sales and marketing of its products. They are in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The companys four factories were awarded the internationally predictable external certification ISO 14001 for adherence to environmental processes and OSHAS 18001 for Health and Safety. In the year 2008, the company launched Nestle Nesvita Pro-Heart Milk with Omega-3 in Mumbai. Nestle Nesvita Pro-Heart is part of daily diet and has Omega-3 heart friendly nutrients scientifically known to help manage cholestrol. As part of their ongoing dedication to offering best in class nutrition products to Indian consumers, the company launched NESTLE NAN 3, a follow-up formula for older infants. During the year, MAGGI PICHKOO Tomato Ketchup was launched in a unique easy to handle day pack to drive affordability, taste and convenience for a larger number of consumers. Milestones achieved CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards has honoured  Nescafe  as the most preferred coffee brand. Business  India  has rated Nestle  India  as No.1 on Return On Capital Employed amongst Super 100 companies. In 2011-2012 Nestle India was awarded the Best Exporter of Instant Coffee, Highest Exporter to Russia and CIS, Highest Exporter to Far East Countries. Recent developments The company has introduced products in milk segment for daily consumption and use such as  Nestle Milk, Nestle Slim Milk, Nestle Fresh n Natural Dahl and Nestle Jeera Raita. Growth of nestle In 2008 profit growth are increase 29.06%, in 2009 profit growth are increase 22.64%, in 2010 profit growth are increase 24.99%, in 2011 profit growth are increase 17.45%, in 2011 profit growth are increase 11.06%. In 2008 sales are increase 23.40%, In 2009 sales are increase 18.62%, In 2010 sales are increase 21.94%, In 2011 sales are increase 19.76%, In 2011 sales are increase 10.83%. Nestle company continues to maintain high operating margins at around 21%. We believe low volume growth resulted from lower off-take by canteen store departments, which sustained to result in slower growth across industry. Depreciation provisioning has increased by approximately 86% due to aggressive capacity addition by the company in the last one year.   The lower net profit growth is also due to a reduction in the tax benefits enjoyed by the company at its Pantnagar plant in the March 2012 quarter. net profits expanded just 9 per cent in the March 2012 quarter; growth in the March 2011 quarter stood at 27 per cent. The Nestle scrip closed at Rs 4,938.10 up by 0.92% while the Bombay Stock Exchange marginally declined by 0.33% to close at 17,151.29. In 2010 operating profit are 1015.39 crore, In 2011 operating profit are 1245.42 crore, In 2012 operating profit are 1537.96 crore. Nestle company every year increase the profit because of the customer are purchased from the different product in the market. Customer are satisfied for the all the products. Product Milkmaid Milkmaid A partly skimmed sweetened condensed milk, nestle milkmaid is a versatile product and excellent as a dessert ingredient. With milkmaid, you can whip up lip-smacking desserts for your family in the shortest possible time.   Lactogen Lactogen We supply milkoplex bolus which helps in stimulating the milking power of psychologically disturbed milch animals such as cows and buffaloes. Some of the psychological conditions for which milkoplex blous is used in animals. Nestle Cerelac Nestle Cerelac Our range is highly hygienic and has excellent strength that prevents the food from dust, moisture and other contaminants, thereby increases shelf life. Further, our range is available in different finishes and at most affordable rates to the clients. Nestle Nescafe Nestle Nescafe We are engaged in offering Instant Nescafe Premix, which is prepared by just adding hot water. It is instant to prepare, and additional sugar or milk is not required. We procure these instant Nescafe premix from reliable vendors of the market, keeping in mind the varied requirements of our clients. These are made using perfect proportions ensuring rich taste and pleasant aroma. Nestle Munch Nestle Munch We offer instant chocolate premixes which is of high standard. Recipe based exotic beverages to have an intense lingering experience. We manufacture the most luscious and refreshing Instant chocolate Premix. We use meticulously selected chocolate to create the most natural coffee flavor. As the name suggests, this coffee premix is very convenient to use and provides great taste. Nestle Kitkat Nestle Kitkat Chocolate is the choicest food item among people for celebrating various occasions and parties. Using pure milk these chocolates are made which are blended with dry fruits to bring a delicious and crunchy taste. These chocolates are further finished with square shaped cakes and are packed using quality packaging materials which keep them fresh hygienic for a long period of time. Nestle Maggi Nestle Maggi As a reputable trader, we are always ready with fresh stock of the best quality Maggi Masala Noodles. We provide Maggi Masala Noodles to popular outlets in India and other retail shops. Moreover, Maggi Masala Noodles are always in demand in the market. Nestle Nestogen Nestle Nestogen Contents : Per 100g: Fat 23.9 g, linoleic acid 3.65 g, linolenic acid 467 mg, docosahexanoic acid 44 mg, protein12.5 g, carbohydrates 58.2 g, minerals 2.4 g, sodium 155 mg, potassium 495 mg, chloride 305 mg, calcium 475 mg, phosphorus 305 mg, magnesium 33 mcg, manganese 45 mcg, moisture 3.0 g, vitamin A 1,500 IU, vitamin D 230 IU, vitamin E 6 IU, vitamin. K 40 mcg, vitamin C 50 mg, vitamin B1 0.35 mg, vitamin B2 0.75 mg, niacin 5 mg, vitamin B6 0.37 mg, folic acid 45 mcg, pantothenic acid 2.2 mg, vitamin. B12 1.5 mcg, biotin 11 mcg, choline 50 mg, inositol 25 mg, taurine 40 mg, carnitine 8 mg, iron 6 mg, iodine 75 mcg, copper 0.3 mg, zinc 3.7 mg, selenium 5 mcg ,498 kcal. Production department Production process: Milk collection: Milk collection system of nestle milk pak is excellent. According to this system milk is collected farmer area of about 72000 km. Village milk center 2273 Sub centers 583 Main centers 23 Nestle acquire milk directly few farmers, there is no middle man. On molk centers price is milk is paid according to percentage of fats. If the quality of fat is less than required (6%) than price will be accordingly. in milk collection centers temperature of milk is kept at 4 C. Reception: From milk collection centers milk is collected and deliver to factory daily seal of tankers are correctly decided. Receiving capacity of milk is 60000 liters. Standardization: All the animals are different composition of fats in their milk in different seasoners. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is given temperature of 72 c for 15 second to reduce bacteria in milk, this process is called thermization life of milk is increased by this process and standardization composition is fats. Decreaming: In this process of descreming solid non fat and cream is divided, milk is given temperature of 60 c and 60000 rpm in de- cremer.so that dirt particles cream can be estranged Dirt is drained after 30 seconds milk is send for further processes. Pasteurization: In this process milk is heated at 92 c for 5 seconds to remove remaining bacteria. After pasteurization milk to treated for conversion into powder. Evaporation: Low hit treatment: Milk is intense at high pressure of 889 mille bar so that is start boiling at about 70 c. 4 effect folling film: Milk is evaporating in 4 consequence system. Milk is evaporating about 56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th effect respectively. Spray drying: In this process there are 5 creative high pressure nozels which exert high pressure on milk after that their which exert high pressure on milk after that that area about 50% water and 50% solids in milk. Cooling: After spray drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled before storing. Packing: Milk is packed in different packing according to the weight required, form tote tilting station from selling. Marketing department Product: Milkmaid Lacto gain Nestle cerelac Nestle Nescafe Nestle munch Nestle kitkat Nestle magi Nestle nestogen Price: product price milkmaid 30 Nestle kitkat 30 Nestle magi 40 Nestle Nescafe 50 Nestle munch 20 Distribution channel: manufacturer agent distributor retailer end customers Segmentation: Geographic segmentation: It is compare the spending levels, income levels, employment levels and buying lifestyle. Demographic segmentation: This refers to ways of separating people according to age, gender and income. Psychographic segmentation: There are no. of important issue to not regarding the use of socio economic groups. They refer to the head of household. They do not refert to income levels. Behaviouristic segmentation: It is considered consumer behavior patterns. Human resource department HR policy: This policy encompass those strategy which represent a sound basis foe competent and helpful HR management in the nestle group of around the world. They are in spirit supple and vibrant and many require modification to a variety of situation. Therefore its execution will be stimulated by sound decision fulfillment with local market laws and common sense, taking into account thee explicit framework. These HR policies are address to all those who have a dependability in organization people as well as to HR professionals. The nestle management and headship principles include the guidelines inspiring all the nestle employees in their action and in their dealing with others. Employment: The commercial business principles outline the companys promise to fully support and to respect a series of principles and international convention regarding employment rights. Nestle provides working environment which protects the health and welfare of the employees according to the highest reasonable standard of safety, hygiene and security. Each employee should not only care for her own safety. Nestle favors a policy of long term employment. Whenever, an business cannot be maintained within the nestle specialty, reasonable step will be undertaken to avoid overall loss of employment by identifying external business willing to take over activity from nestle. Work life balance: Nestle is prepared to support employees who wish to taken an active part in the life of the society or by pretentious farm duties in professional, civic, cultural, religious organizations is being understood. Nestle consider that the employees private and professional life should have a good balance. Nestle encourages bendable working condition whenever possible and encourage its employees to have motivations outside work. Industrial relations: Nestle upholds autonomy of relationship of its employees and the effective gratitude of the collective bargaining. IR are a clear responsibility of local management and will be handle at the suitable level: first at site level (factories) consequently at regional level. Relation with union established under strict observation of national law, international commendation to which nestle has to a voluntary basis stated in the corporate business principles. Nestle will ensure that direct and frequent communication is established with its employees, both union members and non- members, as mention in the nestle management and leadership. HR organization: The fact that Nestle is more people and product than systems leaning is reflecting in the way HR is functioning and is organized. Processes and systems as well as professional HR tools are there to support HR management but never to the damage of the human dimension. The HR function should report to the manager accountable for a defined operation (Region, Market, Country, and Factory) with a functional relation to the market HR according to the size of that operation. The HR manager should not only have the skills and competencies from a simply professional position but also have the behavior and the influence to be a dependable partner to her/his contemporaries. HR function should certainly provide perfect organizational hold. Information technology department On a day to day basis, our systems give the essential edge to significant, highly complex business functions across everything from logistics to manufacturing, human resources, finance and sales. Its therefore fundamental that we stay supple in order to allow each business group to counter to quickly shifting market circumstances whilst maintain high standards of dictatorial and internal fulfilment. A demanding IT career which is as much about service management and delivers efficient cost-effective services as it is about technical knowledge. It will entail you to drive out needless cost and complication and pre-empt problems through end-user education and a right-first-time mentality. In return, youll be joining an IT team widely documented as the aptitude pool for technical specialist and senior managers throughout Nestles global operations. The opportunity to take your career to a global level and work with the latest configurations from vendor. Plus youll get to say that you helped facilitate the worlds leading nourishment, healthiness and wellness of nestle company. Swot analysis Strength: Brand image Marketing strategies established by the innovative Financial, marketing and sales strategies are formulated by gauge the interrupted research Approved out of moderator market trend. It is a large scale organization, with plentiful funds and has the ability of acquire weaker Firms by throw out of competition. E.g. growing sales and profits, quality products, skilled Labor, educated staff, solid financial position. capability to control strong product name to generate sales Talent to modify product to the local market situation. physically powerful worldwide operation with diversify income base investigate and expansion capability The world biggest processed foods and beverages company constantly introduce new products for its Indian customers on a numerous basis, thus Growing its product offering. Parent support:   Nestle India has a strapping maintain from its parent company, which is the worlds largest process food and beverage company, with a attendance in almost every country. The company has entree to the parents enormously victorious international piece of paper of products and brand. Brand strength: In India, Nestle has some very strapping brands like Nescafe, Maggi and Cerelac. These brands are almost standard to their product category. Product innovation: The nestle company has been always introduce new products for its Indian consumers on a common basis, thus increasing its product contributions. Weaknesses: Escalating instance of product recall obstruct brand equity The target market of nestle milk pack is upper middle and high class because lower middle and Reduced class can not pay for to buy milk due to its best value Main weakness is milk pak that there are special companies of milk but the name of nestle Milk pack is forever position in the last because of low advertising and marketing of the Product. Supply chain: The company has a compound supply chain management and the main matter for Nestle India is traceability. The food processing industry requires high standards of cleanliness, quality of safe to eat input and workers. The uneven nature of the Indian market place complicates things more. Exports: The domestic business posted a 13.7% growth in net sales to Rs. 1866 cr. However, exports register a 1.1%decline to Rs. 118 cr although a strong 56% increase in exports to third parties due to 24.5% decline in exports in affiliate. This constitutes a big portion of the total exports to a single location. Historically, India has been a very unbalanced market for Nestle, and its overall performance takes a hit often due to this factor. Mature markets: Nestle is incoming to markets that are already mature and can give a rough struggle to new entrants in the market. Plain yogurt: Nestle plain yogurt has proved to be a nestle weakness because it has been unable to make its market place in India, but nestle by analyze the responsive areas can rise above its weaknesses. Less consumer research in few areas. Opportunity: conversion to a nourishment and well being company Focus on rising and budding saving booming out at home company possible to enlarge to minor towns and geographic product recognition rule can be adopt to increase sales Expand by modification the taste of the sufficient towards product. Healthy food market Asian market Expansion: The company has the possible to expand to smaller towns and other geographies. Existing markets are not fully tap and the company can increase occurrence by stabbing further. With Indias demographic profile shifting in favor of the uncontrollable class, the per capita utilization of most FMCG products is likely to grow. Nestle will have the intrinsic advantage of this trend. Product offerings  : The company has the option to expand its product sheet by introducing more brands which its parents are famous for like breakfast cereals, Smarties Chocolates etc. Global hub: Since manufacturing of some products is cheaper in India than in other South East Asian countries, Nestle India could become an export center for the parent in convinced product category. Threats: reduce chocolate interest Water fulfillment issue consequential in penalty payments Macro economic factors allegation of unprincipled trade Market section growth could draw new entrant Taste of consumer has already developed which is hard to change. Inflation is getting higher and higher so the purchase power of the people is decreasing day to Day basis. Competition: The company faces huge struggle from the organized as well as the unorganized sectors. Off late, to loosen its trade and investment policies to facilitate the country to better function in the globalised wealth, the Indian Government has condensed the import duty of food segments thus increasing the fight. Changing consumer trends: Movement of enlarged consumer spends on consumer durables resulting in lower expenses on FMCG products. In the past 2-3 years, the performance of the FMCG sector has been uninspiring despite the economy growing at a straight speed .Although, off late the state has been improving, the confidence on monsoon is very high. Sectoral woes: Rising prices of raw materials and fuels, and sequentially, increasing wrapping and manufacturing costs. But the companies may not be able to pass on the full encumber of these onto the customers. Michel Porters Five Force Model http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCqo8SyDfdR3pTZWlc2JNAeu_q5NdDJPSrL1hW3R9f-qEszGcc Threat of new entrants: The threat of entry depends on the existence of entry barriers and the attendance of new entrants to a food processing industry naturally bring to it new competence and the want to increase market share. The threat of substitutes exists most acutely when the price of a similar product in the marketplace go losing. As more substitutes become available, both the order for and the price of the products becomes more expandable. As the price for substitutes goes down, the manufacturer of the original product is prohibited from rising or required to lower its price. Smaller food processing companies often have difficulty obtain supermarket step autonomy for their products as large retailer charge for hole on their shelf and give precedence to the established companies who can pay for the advertising needed to produce high buyer command The nation is a major factor as if the company requirements to be a part in this food processing industry. It must be clever to face high costs for strapping competition. Moreover, the slow market growth rate for the food processing industry cause gaining between companies, resulted the barriers to entry are high with so many food processing companies and little to zero capability remaining for any more companies. The barriers to entry are obstacle on the way of possible new entrant to enter the market and complete with the incumbent. The difficulty of entering a market cans protection the incumbent alongside new entrants. Current profits are potentially higher than in a truly aggressive market, at the operating expense of their suppliers and buyers. The higher the barriers to entry, the more power in the hand of serving. Most important barriers: Capital requirements Government policy and regulations Customer channels Bargaining power of customers: Buyers are the people or organizations who generate demand in the food processing industry. Bargain power is capacity to pressure the setting of prices. Monopolistic buyer will use their supremacy to remove better terms higher profit margin at the expense of the sell. In a truly competitive market, no one buyer can set the prices. Instead they are set by supply and demand. Prices are set by supply and demand and the market reach the pareto-optimal point where the highest probable number of customers are content at a price that still allow for the supplier to be beneficial. The bargaining power of buyer is greater than: There are leading buyers and many sellers in food processing industry Product are consistent Buyers pressure to integrate backward into the food processing industry. Suppliers do not threaten to combine forward into the buyers industry. The industry is not a key supplying group for buyers, Consumers affect the food processing industry through their ability to strength down prices, bargain for higher products quality and services, and play competitors alongside each other. The bargaining power of buyers is high as there are huge tendency of new entry with new and diversity of products. Besides, consumers prefer choose products which offer lower prices. For example, Campbells soup products price is relatively 20 to 25% higher than generic brands in grocery stores, hence some consumers would choose generic brand products in the market rather than Campbells. Besides, the profitability obtained by the company is also determined by consumers. Food processing companies would be forced to lower prices if consumers believe that the prices are too luxurious as consumers be inclined to stop buying their products or button to supplements. Bargaining power of suppliers: Suppliers are the businesses that supply materials other products into the food processing industry. The cost of items buy from suppliers (e.g. raw materials, components) can have a major impact on a industry productivity. Suppliers may decline to work with the firm. Analysis of the determinants of qualified power between the manufacturer in food processing industry and their supplier is accurately parallel to analysis of the relationship between manufacturer and their buyer. The firms in the food processing industry that are the buyers and the producers of inputs that are the suppliers. The key issue is the case with which the firms in the food processing industry can control between different contribution suppliers and the comparative bargaining power of each party. Suppliers can involve the food processing industry during their skill to raise prices or decrease the quality of purchased goods and services. In case quality products the suppliers features an important factor. Due to the increase rate overall price of material has been significantly increased. Suppliers can also exercise authority on the players in a food processing industry. Supplier can grow bargaining power and can be possible threat to industry players in terms of food processing industry profits. They have the aptitude to increase or decrease the quality of products in a particular food processing industry. Supplier powerful: It is subject by a few companies and is more focus than the industry is selling to. Its product is exceptional or at least differentiates or if it has built up switching costs. The food processing industry is not an important customer for the supplier group. Threat of Substitutes Products: Those products that come from other industries and can create as a exchange for product in the fundamental food processing industry. In the area of expertise coffee industry, substitute products can be those non strong beverages such as tea, soft drinks, fruit juices and energy drinks and other caffeinated drinks. These are sources of substitute products which the customer can purchase in place of coffee. However, the only true straight substitute for specialty coffee is the basic coffee, but the basic coffee is careful to be a considerably minor quality than field an as such does not near threat to specialty coffee. The rivalry from firms of other industries which offer substitute products is strong as they are produce, supplying and serving the same food products that the food processing companies are. For example, Dunkin Donuts is in the foodservice industry and Campbell Soup Company is in the food processing industry. On the other hand, there are several possible substitutes; a cup of specialty coffee is still what consumer prefers to purchase. Product segregation and trademark icon plays an important role in this food processing industry. The field coffee product are different in many aspect from the substitute. Coffeehouses offer not only a cup of coffee but the incident of sipping the specialty coffee on a deluxe hotel. Soft drink companies and non alcoholic beverages producer are on bunch marketing, selling their product in sell stores, supermarket and departmental stores. Hence, the substitute products is not significant or is not careful a major force In the specialty coffee business, Rivalry among competitors: The rivalry among companies in the food processing industry i